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升级为 NVMe 设备的固件
项目06/27/2024
NVMe 存储设备上的固件更新将颁发给该设备的微型端口驱动程序。 用于获取固件信息、下载和激活固件映像的函数命令将颁发到微型端口。 固件升级过程经 Windows 认证的 NVMe 设备能够在设备正常运行时更新其固件。 固件是使用 包含 SRB 中格式化的关联固件控制数据的IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT 请求更新的。 更新过程涉及： 收集固件槽信息以确定更新的位置。 在确定固件更新的位置时有几个注意事项，例如： 有多少槽可用？ 有多少槽可以保存更新？ 某些槽是只读的，或者保留必须保留的映像，前提是需要还原到以前的映像。 哪个槽包含当前活动固件映像（正在运行的固件）？为了更新设备，选择一个可写入且当前不处于活动状态的槽。 完成更新后，将覆盖所选槽中的所有现有映像数据。 下载所选槽的新固件映像。 根据映像的大小，下载发生在单个传输操作或映像的多个部分的连续传输中。 图像的一部分受最小值限制（控制器最大传输大小，512 KB）。 为了使下载的映像成为活动固件映像，其槽号将分配给其下载到的槽。 然后，将活动固件槽从当前使用的槽切换到分配给下载映像的槽。 根据下载类型和固件映像中的更改，可能需要重新启动系统。 NVMe 控制器确定是否需要重新启动。 微型端口固件控制请求每个函数命令都设置在FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK结构中，该结构包含在IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT请求的缓冲区中的SRB_IO_CONTROL。 SRB_IO_CONTROL的 ControlCode 成员设置为IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT_FIRMWARE以指示微型端口固件操作。 每个函数命令都有一个位于FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK之后的相关信息结构。 下表列出了IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT系统缓冲区中包含的每个函数命令和结构。 函数 输入数据 输出数据 FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_GET_INFO SRB_IO_CONTROL + FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK SRB_IO_CONTROL + FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK + STORAGE_FIRMWARE_SLOT_INFO FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_DOWNLOAD SRB_IO_CONTROL + FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK + STORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD SRB_IO_CONTROL FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_ACTIVATE SRB_IO_CONTROL + FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK + STORAGE_FIRMWARE_ACTIVATE SRB_IO_CONTROL固件函数和关联的结构在 ntddscsi.h 中定义。 固件槽信息固件映像保留在名为槽的位置的设备上。 下载后激活固件映像时，必须查找固件映像的可用槽位。 若要查找可用的槽，升级实用工具可以将信息查询发送到设备，以接收槽信息描述符。 以下示例函数演示如何检索所选 NVMe 设备上所有固件槽的信息。 // A device list item structure for an adapter typedef struct _DEVICE_LIST { HANDLE Handle; STORAGE_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTOR AdapterDescriptor; } DEVICE_LIST, *PDEVICE_LIST; BOOL DeviceGetFirmwareInfo( _In_ PDEVICE_LIST DeviceList, _In_ DWORD Index, _Inout_ PUCHAR Buffer, _In_ DWORD BufferLength, _In_ BOOLEAN DisplayResult ) /*++ Routine Description: Retrieve the firmware and firmware slot information from NVMe controller. Arguments: DeviceList – a pointer to device array that contains disks information. Index – the index of NVMe device in DeviceList array. Buffer – a buffer for input and output. BufferLength – the size of the buffer. DisplayResult – print information on screen or not. Return Value: BOOLEAN --*/ { BOOL result; ULONG returnedLength; ULONG firmwareInfoOffset; PSRB_IO_CONTROL srbControl; PFIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK firmwareRequest; PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO firmwareInfo; srbControl = (PSRB_IO_CONTROL)Buffer; firmwareRequest = (PFIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK)(srbControl + 1); // // The STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO is located after SRB_IO_CONTROL and FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK // firmwareInfoOffset = ((sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL) + sizeof(FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK) - 1) / sizeof(PVOID) + 1) * sizeof(PVOID); // // Setup the SRB control with the firmware ioctl control info // srbControl->HeaderLength = sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); srbControl->ControlCode = IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT_FIRMWARE; RtlMoveMemory(srbControl->Signature, IOCTL_MINIPORT_SIGNATURE_FIRMWARE, 8); srbControl->Timeout = 30; srbControl->Length = BufferLength - sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); // // Set firmware request fields for FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_GET_INFO. This request is to the controller so // FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER is set in the flags // firmwareRequest->Version = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK_STRUCTURE_VERSION; firmwareRequest->Size = sizeof(FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK); firmwareRequest->Function = FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_GET_INFO; firmwareRequest->Flags = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER; firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset = firmwareInfoOffset; firmwareRequest->DataBufferLength = BufferLength - firmwareInfoOffset; // // Send the request to get the device firmware info // result = DeviceIoControl(DeviceList[Index].Handle, IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT, Buffer, BufferLength, Buffer, BufferLength, &returnedLength, NULL ); // // Format and display the firmware info // if (DisplayResult) { if (!result) { _tprintf(_T("\t Get Firmware Information Failed: 0x%X\n"), GetLastError()); } else { UCHAR i; TCHAR revision[16] = {0}; firmwareInfo = (PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO)((PUCHAR)srbControl + firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset); _tprintf(_T("\t ----Firmware Information----\n")); _tprintf(_T("\t Support upgrade command: %s\n"), firmwareInfo->UpgradeSupport ? _T("Yes") : _T("No")); _tprintf(_T("\t Slot Count: %d\n"), firmwareInfo->SlotCount); _tprintf(_T("\t Current Active Slot: %d\n"), firmwareInfo->ActiveSlot); if (firmwareInfo->PendingActivateSlot == STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO_INVALID_SLOT) { _tprintf(_T("\t Pending Active Slot: %s\n\n"), _T("No")); } else { _tprintf(_T("\t Pending Active Slot: %d\n\n"), firmwareInfo->PendingActivateSlot); } for (i = 0; i < firmwareInfo->SlotCount; i++) { RtlCopyMemory(revision, &firmwareInfo->Slot[i].Revision.AsUlonglong, 8); _tprintf(_T("\t\t Slot Number: %d\n"), firmwareInfo->Slot[i].SlotNumber); _tprintf(_T("\t\t Slot Read Only: %s\n"), firmwareInfo->Slot[i].ReadOnly ? _T("Yes") : _T("No")); _tprintf(_T("\t\t Revision: %s\n"), revision); _tprintf(_T("\n")); } } _tprintf(_T("\n")); } return result; }槽信息在STORAGE_FIRMWARE_SLOT_INFO结构数组中返回。 每个结构都指示固件槽的激活状态和可用性。 可用性条件包括： ReadOnly 成员设置为 0。 该槽不是由 STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO ActiveSlot 成员中的槽号指示的活动槽。 STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO的 PendingActiveSlot 成员设置为STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO_INVALID_SLOT。 STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO的 PendingActiveSlot 成员未设置为所需的槽。此外，如果槽状态满足可用性条件，但 Info 字符串包含非零字节的有效修订数据，则槽包含有效的固件映像，但可以替换它。 Info 字符串中的所有零表示空槽。 示例：固件升级 - 槽选择、下载和激活升级实用工具执行前面提到的三个步骤来更新控制器中的固件。 例如，以下升级例程包含过程中每个步骤的代码。 DeviceGetFirmwareInfo 示例中所示的槽发现步骤由升级例程调用，以选择可用槽。 映像下载和激活步骤在选择槽后直接演示。 在每个步骤中，将显示相应的函数命令的使用。 在下载步骤中，固件映像文件将读取到分配的缓冲区中，并将缓冲区内容传输到控制器。 如果固件映像文件大于缓冲区的大小，则会多次读取映像文件，每次传输一部分映像，直到读取整个文件。 完成固件映像下载后，激活步骤需要控制器中的两个操作。 首先，所选槽分配给固件映像，其次，所选槽设置为活动槽。 VOID DeviceFirmwareUpgrade( _In_ PDEVICE_LIST DeviceList, _In_ DWORD Index, _In_ TCHAR* FileName ) /*++ Routine Description: Performs a firmware upgrade to the NVMe controller. The an available firmware slot is selected, the firmware is downloaded to the controller from an image file, and the new firmware is activated. Arguments: DeviceList – a pointer to device array that contains disks information. Index – the index of NVMe device in DeviceList array. FileName – the name of the firmware upgrade image file. Return Value: None --*/ { BOOL result; PUCHAR buffer = NULL; ULONG bufferSize; ULONG firmwareStructureOffset; ULONG imageBufferLength; PSRB_IO_CONTROL srbControl; PFIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK firmwareRequest; PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO firmwareInfo; PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD firmwareDownload; PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_ACTIVATE firmwareActivate; ULONG slotNumber; ULONG returnedLength; ULONG i; HANDLE fileHandle = NULL; ULONG imageOffset; ULONG readLength; BOOLEAN moreToDownload; // // The STORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO is located after SRB_IO_CONTROL and FIRMWARE_RESQUEST_BLOCK // firmwareStructureOffset = ((sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL) + sizeof(FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK) - 1) / sizeof(PVOID) + 1) * sizeof(PVOID); // // The Max Transfer Length limits the part of buffer that may need to transfer to controller, not the whole buffer. // bufferSize = min(DeviceList[Index].AdapterDescriptor.MaximumTransferLength, 2 * 1024 * 1024); bufferSize += firmwareStructureOffset; bufferSize += FIELD_OFFSET(STORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD, ImageBuffer); buffer = (PUCHAR)malloc(bufferSize); if (buffer == NULL) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - Allocate buffer failed: 0x%X\n"), GetLastError()); return; } // // calculate the space available for the firmware image portion of the buffer allocation // imageBufferLength = bufferSize - firmwareStructureOffset - sizeof(STORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD); RtlZeroMemory(buffer, bufferSize); // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ( 1 ) SELECT A SUITABLE FIRMWARE SLOT // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // Get firmware slot information data. // result = DeviceGetFirmwareInfo(DeviceList, Index, buffer, bufferSize, FALSE); if (result == FALSE) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade: Get Firmware Information Failed: 0x%X\n"), GetLastError()); goto Exit; } // // Set the request structure pointers // srbControl = (PSRB_IO_CONTROL)buffer; firmwareRequest = (PFIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK)(srbControl + 1); firmwareInfo = (PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_INFO)((PUCHAR)srbControl + firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset); if (srbControl->ReturnCode != FIRMWARE_STATUS_SUCCESS) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - get firmware info failed. srbControl->ReturnCode %d.\n"), srbControl->ReturnCode); goto Exit; } // // SelectFind the first writable slot. // slotNumber = (ULONG)-1; if (firmwareInfo->UpgradeSupport) { for (i = 0; i < firmwareInfo->SlotCount; i++) { if (firmwareInfo->Slot[i].ReadOnly == FALSE) { slotNumber = firmwareInfo->Slot[i].SlotNumber; break; } } } // // If no writable slot is found, bypass downloading and activation // if (slotNumber == (ULONG)-1) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - No writable Firmware slot.\n")); goto Exit; } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ( 2 ) DOWNLOAD THE FIRMWARE IMAGE TO THE CONTROLLER // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // initialize image length and offset // imageBufferLength = (imageBufferLength / sizeof(PVOID)) * sizeof(PVOID); imageOffset = 0; readLength = 0; moreToDownload = TRUE; // // Open image file and download it to controller. // if (FileName == NULL) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - No firmware file specified.\n")); goto Exit; } fileHandle = CreateFile(FileName, // file to open GENERIC_READ, // open for reading FILE_SHARE_READ, // share for reading NULL, // default security OPEN_EXISTING, // existing file only FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, // normal file NULL); // no attr. template if (fileHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - unable to open file \"%s\" for read.\n"), FileName); goto Exit; } // // Read and download the firmware from the image file into image buffer length portions. Send the // image portion to the controller. // while (moreToDownload) { RtlZeroMemory(buffer, bufferSize); // // Setup the SRB control with the firmware ioctl control info // srbControl->HeaderLength = sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); srbControl->ControlCode = IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT_FIRMWARE; RtlMoveMemory(srbControl->Signature, IOCTL_MINIPORT_SIGNATURE_FIRMWARE, 8); srbControl->Timeout = 30; srbControl->Length = bufferSize - sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); // // Set firmware request fields for FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_DOWNLOAD. This request is to the controller so // FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER is set in the flags // firmwareRequest->Version = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK_STRUCTURE_VERSION; firmwareRequest->Size = sizeof(FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK); firmwareRequest->Function = FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_DOWNLOAD; firmwareRequest->Flags = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER; firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset = firmwareStructureOffset; firmwareRequest->DataBufferLength = bufferSize - firmwareStructureOffset; // // Initialize the firmware data buffer pointer to the proper position after the request structure // firmwareDownload = (PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD)((PUCHAR)srbControl + firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset); if (ReadFile(fileHandle, firmwareDownload->ImageBuffer, imageBufferLength, &readLength, NULL) == FALSE) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - Read firmware file failed.\n")); goto Exit; } if (readLength == 0) { moreToDownload = FALSE; break; } if ((readLength % sizeof(ULONG)) != 0) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - Read firmware file failed.\n")); } // // Set the download parameters and adjust the offset for this portion of the firmware image // firmwareDownload->Version = 1; firmwareDownload->Size = sizeof(STORAGE_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOAD); firmwareDownload->Offset = imageOffset; firmwareDownload->BufferSize = readLength; // // download this portion of firmware to the device // result = DeviceIoControl(DeviceList[Index].Handle, IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT, buffer, bufferSize, buffer, bufferSize, &returnedLength, NULL ); if (result == FALSE) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - IOCTL - firmware download failed. 0x%X.\n"), GetLastError()); goto Exit; } if (srbControl->ReturnCode != FIRMWARE_STATUS_SUCCESS) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware download failed. srbControl->ReturnCode %d.\n"), srbControl->ReturnCode); goto Exit; } // // Update Image Offset for next iteration. // imageOffset += readLength; } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ( 3 ) ACTIVATE THE FIRMWARE SLOT ASSIGNED TO THE UPGRADE // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // Activate the newly downloaded image with the assigned slot. // RtlZeroMemory(buffer, bufferSize); // // Setup the SRB control with the firmware ioctl control info // srbControl->HeaderLength = sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); srbControl->ControlCode = IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT_FIRMWARE; RtlMoveMemory(srbControl->Signature, IOCTL_MINIPORT_SIGNATURE_FIRMWARE, 8); srbControl->Timeout = 30; srbControl->Length = bufferSize - sizeof(SRB_IO_CONTROL); // // Set firmware request fields for FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_ACTIVATE. This request is to the controller so // FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER is set in the flags // firmwareRequest->Version = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK_STRUCTURE_VERSION; firmwareRequest->Size = sizeof(FIRMWARE_REQUEST_BLOCK); firmwareRequest->Function = FIRMWARE_FUNCTION_ACTIVATE; firmwareRequest->Flags = FIRMWARE_REQUEST_FLAG_CONTROLLER; firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset = firmwareStructureOffset; firmwareRequest->DataBufferLength = bufferSize - firmwareStructureOffset; // // Initialize the firmware activation structure pointer to the proper position after the request structure // firmwareActivate = (PSTORAGE_FIRMWARE_ACTIVATE)((PUCHAR)srbControl + firmwareRequest->DataBufferOffset); // // Set the activation parameters with the available slot selected // firmwareActivate->Version = 1; firmwareActivate->Size = sizeof(STORAGE_FIRMWARE_ACTIVATE); firmwareActivate->SlotToActivate = (UCHAR)slotNumber; // // Send the activation request // result = DeviceIoControl(DeviceList[Index].Handle, IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT, buffer, bufferSize, buffer, bufferSize, &returnedLength, NULL ); if (result == FALSE) { _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - IOCTL - firmware activate failed. 0x%X.\n"), GetLastError()); goto Exit; } // // Display status result from firmware activation // switch (srbControl->ReturnCode) { case FIRMWARE_STATUS_SUCCESS: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate succeeded.\n")); break; case FIRMWARE_STATUS_POWER_CYCLE_REQUIRED: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate succeeded. PLEASE REBOOT COMPUTER.\n")); break; case FIRMWARE_STATUS_ILLEGAL_REQUEST: case FIRMWARE_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER: case FIRMWARE_STATUS_INPUT_BUFFER_TOO_BIG: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate parameter error. srbControl->ReturnCode %d.\n"), srbControl->ReturnCode); break; case FIRMWARE_STATUS_INVALID_SLOT: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate, slot number invalid.\n")); break; case FIRMWARE_STATUS_INVALID_IMAGE: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate, invalid firmware image.\n")); break; case FIRMWARE_STATUS_ERROR: case FIRMWARE_STATUS_CONTROLLER_ERROR: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate, error returned.\n")); break; default: _tprintf(_T("\t FirmwareUpgrade - firmware activate, unexpected error. srbControl->ReturnCode %d.\n"), srbControl->ReturnCode); break; } Exit: if (fileHandle != NULL) { CloseHandle(fileHandle); } if (buffer != NULL) { free(buffer); } return; }注意 不支持同时下载多个固件映像。 单个固件下载始终遵循单个固件激活。 只需使用具有相应槽号的激活函数命令即可重新激活已驻留在槽中的固件映像。 从 Windows 8.1 开始，SRB I/O 控件的IOCTL_SCSI_MINIPORT_FIRMWARE控件代码可用。 |
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