​北京市海淀区2022年11月高三英语期中考试【试卷详情解析】

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A couple in Italy who met at a nightly balcony concert during the coronavirus lockdown are becoming a modern-day Romeo and Juliet in the same city where Shakespeare's story of unfortunate lovers took place.

意大利一对情侣在冠状病毒封锁期间在一场夜间阳台音乐会上相遇，在莎士比亚不幸的恋人故事发生的同一座城市，他们正在成为现代版的罗密欧与朱丽叶。

第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Charles Dickens was born on February 7th, 1812, the son of a clerk at the Navy Pay Office. His father, 11 (continuous) living beyond his means, was imprisoned for debt in the Marshalsea in 1824.Twelve-year-old Charles 12 (remove)from school and sent to work at a boot-blacking factory, earning six shillings a week to help support the family.

This dark experience cast a shadow over the clever, sensitive boy. The childhood poverty and feelings of abandonment would be a heavy influence 13 Dickens' later views on social reform and the world he would create through his fiction.

查尔斯·狄更斯于1812年2月7日出生，父亲是海军工资办公室的职员。他的父亲一直入不敷出，1824年因负债在马绍尔西被监禁。12岁的查尔斯从学校退学，被送到一家擦鞋厂工作，每周挣6先令来帮助养家。

这段黑暗的经历给这个聪明、敏感的男孩蒙上了阴影。童年的贫困和被遗弃感对狄更斯后来对社会改革的看法以及他通过小说所创造的世界产生了很大的影响。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

妮娅的家人经常搬家，住在亲戚的房间里。每走一步，紧张气氛就会加剧，争吵不断。事情闹得不可开交时，妮娅觉得最好还是保持沉默。随着年龄的增长，她变得越来越孤僻，对自己和自己的声音失去了信心。

当妮娅年轻的时候，她开始害怕说话。所以当一个朋友告诉她YouthCare的瓷砖项目时，她吓坏了。但妮娅想找份工作养活自己。她终于深吸了一口气，决定试一试。

妮娅报了一个陶瓷课。她对学习一门新手艺所获得的热情是显而易见的，但当涉及到课堂上的小组活动时，妮娅就不太擅长了。她告诉员工，她不喜欢和不认识的人待在一起。因此，当全班有机会在当地的集市上出售他们的艺术品时，妮娅犹豫了。在YouthCare职业协调员Kate的支持下，她谨慎地同意了。

When the big day came, shoppers poured into the fair, approaching Nia with questions about the program and art pieces for sale. Each time, Nia turned to Kate to whisper the answers in her ear, and Kate repeated the answers out loud. At one point during the fair, she was left alone for a moment. When a customer came up to ask a question, Nia answered with hesitation. Soon after, another visitor came. When Kate returned to her side, Nia fought back her fears and answered their questions on her own.

Nia's confidence grew with every interaction. By the end of the day, she was beaming. "I was so impressed by Nia. She really loved explaining to customers how to fire ceramic," said Kate. "The artwork she sold was the biggest sale of the day!"

That day at the fair was life-changing for Nia. She discovered that she truly enjoyed talking to others-especially about art! With continued support from staff to build communication skills and confidence, Nia completed the Tile Project with flying colors.

当那个重要的日子到来的时候，购物者涌进集市，向妮娅询问有关活动和出售的艺术品的问题。每一次，妮娅都转向凯特，在她耳边轻声说出答案，凯特大声重复答案。集市上有一次，她被单独留下了一会儿。当一位顾客上来问问题时，妮娅犹豫地回答。没过多久，又来了一位客人。当凯特回到她身边时，妮娅克服了恐惧，自己回答了他们的问题。

每和妮娅交流一次，她的信心就增加一次。那天结束时，她满脸笑容。“妮娅给我留下了深刻的印象。她非常喜欢向顾客解释如何烧制陶瓷。”凯特说。“她卖出的艺术品是当天最大的一笔交易!”

集市上的那一天改变了妮娅的生活。她发现自己真的很喜欢和别人交谈——尤其是关于艺术的话题!在工作人员的持续支持下，妮娅建立了沟通技巧和信心，出色地完成了瓦项目。

B

C

D

Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.

长期以来，人类一直从自然界的气味中获得快乐。不过，在大多数情况下，人类并不是它们的目标市场。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的。

In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles-so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants' reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators. But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.

用化学术语来说，大多数天然香味都是由挥发物组成的——之所以这么叫是因为它们有突然改变状态的倾向。挥发物很容易蒸发，飘进鼻子里。在植物的繁殖过程中，有气味的挥发物会吸引传粉者。但它们的自然应用要多样化得多。如果一只昆虫咬穿了一些Bursera植物的叶子，就会喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草植物甚至更狡猾:一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How Sociologists Define Culture

社会学家如何定义文化

Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives.It is important for shaping social relationships, maintaining and challenging social order,determining how we make sense of the world and our place in it,and in shaping our everyday actions and experiences in society. 35

文化是社会学中最重要的概念之一，因为社会学家认识到它在我们的社会生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。它对塑造社会关系、维护和挑战社会秩序、决定我们如何理解世界和我们在其中的地位、塑造我们在社会中的日常行为和经验都很重要。

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。

Nobody likes to feel anxious.Anxiety is among the most common and criticized of human emotions.Studies show that over 100 million people in the U.S. will suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime.Rates, especially among the young, have been rising for the past decade. It seems, then,that our efforts to contain anxiety aren't working.

没有人喜欢焦虑。焦虑是人类最常见和最受批评的情绪之一。研究表明，在美国，超过1亿人在他们的一生中将遭受焦虑症的折磨。在过去的十年中，离婚率一直在上升，尤其是在年轻人中。这样看来，我们控制焦虑的努力似乎没有奏效。

As a clinical psychologist and neuroscience researcher, I believe that we mental health professionals have made a terrible mistake. Feeling anxious isn't the problem. The problem is that we don't understand how to respond constructively to anxiety. That's why it's increasingly hard to know how to feel good.

作为一名临床心理学家和神经科学研究人员，我认为我们心理健康专业人员犯了一个可怕的错误。感到焦虑不是问题所在。问题是我们不知道如何建设性地应对焦虑。这就是为什么越来越难知道如何感觉良好。

This "bad" feeling isn't a failure of mental health. It's a triumph of human evolution: the ability to think about the uncertain future and prepare for it. The unpleasant emotion, for example, fear, signals that you may be in danger-from a predator, bully or speeding car- and readies your body and mind to fight or take flight.

这种“糟糕”的感觉并不是心理健康的失败。这是人类进化的胜利:有能力思考不确定的未来并为之做好准备。不愉快的情绪，例如，恐惧，表明你可能处于危险之中——来自捕食者、欺凌者或超速行驶的汽车——并准备好让你的身体和精神对抗或逃跑。

Anxiety, by contrast, has nothing to do with present threats. Instead, it turns you into a mental time traveler, drawing your attention to what lies ahead. Will you succeed or fail in that interview for a job you desperately want? Anxiety prompts your mind and body into action. Your worries force you to prepare thoroughly for the interview, while your heart races and pumps blood to your brain so that you stay sharp and focused, prepared to pursue your goals.

相比之下，焦虑与当前的威胁毫无关系。相反，它会把你变成一个精神上的时间旅行者，把你的注意力吸引到前方。你会在你渴望得到的工作的面试中成功还是失败?焦虑促使你的身心采取行动。你的担忧迫使你为面试做充分的准备，而你的心跳加速，将血液输送到大脑，使你保持敏锐和专注，准备好追求你的目标。

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。近期你班计划开展“信息安全教育”的主题班会请你给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.班会目的及活动安排；

2.请他参加并在会后发表感想。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

提示词语：information security

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

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