2020年考研英语(一)阅读真题Text3及答案详解

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　　1) Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

　　2）A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.

　　3) Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

　　4) The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

　　5) The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.

　　6) But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?

　　7) The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

　　8) Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

　　9) Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

　　10) Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

　　31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will

　　[A] help little to reduce gender bias.

　　[B] pose a threat to the state government.

　　[C] raise women’s position in politics.

　　[D] greatly broaden career options.

　　32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?

　　[A] It has irritated private business owners.

　　[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.

　　[C]It may go against the Constitution.

　　[D] It will settle the prior controversies.

　　33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate

　　[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.

　　[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.

　　[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.

　　[D] the needlessness of government interventions.

　　34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to

　　[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.

　　[B] the objection to female participation on bards.

　　[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.

　　[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.

　　35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

　　[A] Women’s need in employment should be considered

　　[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.

　　[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

　　[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

       答案详解：

　　31.选项[A]正确

　　推断题。有段末句，说明只有最特权的人受益，而对普通人的帮助却很小，故选项[A]正确。

　　32.选项[C]正确

　　替换题。定位第四段末句，说明加利福尼亚州州长杰里·布朗在签署该措施时承认，该法律明确将性别分类，这可能违反宪法。故与选项[C]相符。

　　33.选项[D]正确

　　推断题。由第七段首句可知，在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的女性人数一直在稳步增长。之后举了Catalyst的例子来支持这个观点。故选项[D]正确。

　　34.选项[C]正确

　　推断题。定位关键词Norway到第八段末尾，往前可以发现挪威施行性别配额所承担的结果：要求公司将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，将不可避免地导致经验不足的私营部门董事会。与选项[C]相符。

　　35.选项[B]正确

　　推断题。文章首末两端都强调了，有些政策只是利于高层特权者，而不是利于普通人。文中也列举了这项性别配额政策的弊端，以及非必要性。故可以推断得到制定政策需要考虑可行性。故选项[B]正确。

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