argument、dispute 和 controversy 看似都有“争论”的含义，其实差别还是挺大的。

argument通常强调各方用事实和理由来支持自己的论点并试图说服对方的进展；

dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意; （感情多于理性）

controversy尤其用来指大批人而非个别人在观点上存在的分歧。

例 Others have countered this argument by pointing out that since patenting based on the use of genetic resources is allowed under TRIPS, (subject to meeting patentability criteria), this does not support the objectives of the CBD because the criteria for patentability do not include prior informed consent or mutually agreed terms for benefit sharing.

参考译文：另外一些人对这种观点表示反对，他们指出，因为根据《与贸易 有关的知识产权协议》允许以遗传资源的使用为基础获取专利权（需要符合专利获取标 准），而专利获取的标准并不包括事先的知情同意或共同同意的利益分享条款，所以这样 做并不支持《生物多样性公约》。

例 In a trial, a closing argument is a lawyer’s final statement to the judge or jury.

参考译文：在庭审中，终结辩论是律师对法官或陪审团的最后陈述。

例  An event of Force Majeure includes, but is not limited to, prohibition or acts by government or public agency, riot, war, hostility, public disturbance, strikes, other labor disputes and work stoppages, failure or interruption of transportation or other utilities, epidemic, fire, flood, earthquake, storm, tidal wave or other acts of nature.

参考译文：不可抗力事件包括但不限于政府或公共机关的禁令或行为、动乱、战争、敌对行动、民众骚乱、罢工、其他劳动纠纷和停工、交通或其他公用事业的停顿或中断、流行病、火灾、水灾、地震、风暴、海潮或其他自然灾害。

例Any dispute arising from, out of, or in connection with, this Agreement shall be settled by the Parties through friendly consultation.

参考译文：因本协议引起、产生于本协议或与本协议有关的任何争议，应由双方通过友好协商解决。

例 Any controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to, this Agreement shall be settled under the Rules of Conciliation and Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce by three (3) arbitrators appointed in accordance with said Rules.

参考译文： 本协议引起的或与本协议有关的任何争议或权利主张，应由根据国际商会的调解和仲裁规则委派的三（3）名仲裁员按该规则予以解决。