这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：

…in my spare time, but now I am interestingin football. （interested）

Playfootball not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … （playing）

My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… （to）

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动和进行的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：

It was very kind forthem to meet me at the railway station and… （of）

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. （of）

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：

They ∧ eager to know everything about China and…（were）

I live in Beijing, whereis the capital of China. （which）

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：

The Smiths did hisbest to make me feel at home. （their）

First, let me tell you something moreabout myself. （去掉more）

… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someoneat home reads instead. （everyone）

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。

除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：

She was smiling butnodding at me. （and）

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor anda guest. （or）

We may be one family and live under asame roof.（the）

下面是全国高考英语真题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与解析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，it’s famous

76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain，we saw monkeys，visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

【答案与解析】

76. famous前加上a.（名词数）

77. 正确

78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）

79. them→us （逻辑错误须关注）

80. visiting→visited（非谓动词细辨别）

81. picture→pictures（名词数）

82. passes→passed（动词形）

83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住）

84. and→but（逻辑错误须关注）

85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，it’s famous

76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain，we saw monkeys，visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

【答案与解析】

76. famous前加上a.（名词数）

77. 正确

78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）

79. them→us （逻辑错误须关注）

80. visiting→visited（非谓动词细辨别）

81. picture→pictures（名词数）

82. passes→passed（动词形）

83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住）

84. and→but（逻辑错误须关注）

85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）

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