The performance of a lithium-ion battery affects the driving range, safety, and reliability directly. Furthermore, as the power characteristics of the lithium-ion battery degrade, the cycle life attenuates, and the available capacity is reduced in low-temperature. Furthermore, there is a high risk of lithium plating at the surface of the anode when the battery is charged at extremely low temperatures. These factors hamper the development of electric vehicles. Battery warm-up is one of the core technologies of the battery thermal management system to alleviate the deterioration of batteries in cold weather. To this end, this paper reviewed the recent research progress of rapid heating methods, including internal self-heating, mutual pulse heating (MPH), self-heating lithium-ion battery, alternating current heating. Key performance parameters such as heating time, energy consumption, and degradation of various heating methods were also summarized. The design considerations of battery management systems in low-temperature conditions were provided, and the performance of different heating methods was compared. The results demonstrated that alternating current heating had advantages over the other methods, especially in energy consumption and degradation. Finally, future trends of battery heating methods were discussed, and more breakthroughs should be made in battery aging mechanisms and preheating strategies in a battery module/pack level. The research was helpful to promote the development of heating methods and solve engineering problems. It also provided plenty of references for the research of rapid heating methods and designing a battery thermal management system at low temperatures.

Keywords： electric vehicles ; lithium-ion battery ; rapid heating method ; design considerations