中性粒细胞减少症是骨髓抑制性放化疗最常见的血液学毒性,其减少程度、持续时间与患者感染甚至死亡风险直接相关,对化疗药物相对剂量强度及患者预后产生了不良影响.目前,我国临床医师对中性粒细胞减少症的危害缺乏重视,对粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)认识不足,特别是对中性粒细胞减少症的风险评估与防治尚不规范.中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)指南工作委员会以循证医学证据为基础,从中性粒细胞减少症的评估、预防、治疗及粒细胞集落刺激因子的使用等多方面制订了肿瘤放化疗相关中性粒细胞减少症规范化管理指南,提出了中性粒细胞减少症的分层管理概念,并建立了预防与治疗的临床路径,旨在为规范化管理中性粒细胞减少症与合理使用粒细胞集落刺激因子提供临床指导.

Neutropenia is the most common hematologic toxicity of myelosuppressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The degree and duration of neutropenia are directly related to the risk of infection and even death,which can also affect the relative dose intensity of chemotherapy and the prognosis of patients. At present, clinicians tend to underestimate the harm of neutropenia, and are in lack of knowledge on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),especially on prevention and treatment of neutropenia. Based on clinical evidence, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)develops guidelines on the assessment,prevention and treatment of neutropenia and the application of G-CSF. It suggests a hierarchical management concept for neutropenia and establishes a clinical path of prevention and treatment, in order to provide guidance for standardized management of neutropenia and the rational use of G-CSF.