计算机网络配置 |
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计算机网络配置
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一、实验目的和任务
学习路由器的基本工作原理；进行路由器命令的操作练习；进行路由策略的设置。
二、实验原理介绍
重点：路由器和交换机的区别； 路由器功能——实现网络互连，包括存储、转发、寻径； 1、路由器的工作过程 2、路由器的配置模式 1）普通用户模式； 2）特权用户模式； 3）全局配置模式； 4）接口配置模式； 5）路由协议配置模式；
实现如下图所示的网络拓扑配置：
网络拓扑结构如下图所示： 
PC0&PC1地址配置，网关配置如图中标记所示
R2配置如下：（有解释） Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started! Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 //命名 R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入以太网接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //给接口fa0/0设置网关 子网掩码 R2(config-if)#no shutdown //激活接口 R2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#int s0/0/0 //串行接口 R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 //设置波特率（路由器没锁定时可自由设置） This command applies only to DCE interfaces R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 //给接口s0/0/0设置网关 子网掩码 R2(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2 //设置静态路由 R2(config)#end //配置结束 R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#sh ip int brief //查看接口配置 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 192.168.6.1 YES manual down down Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R2#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 //*******在配置R3时，R2会[自动]执行下面部分指令*****// R2# R2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/1 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0 R2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#end R2(config-if)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console //******配置完R3后，回到R2执行下面命令,即可到静态路由表*********// R2#sh ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 //前面地址为目的网络，后面Fa...为通往目的网络的接口 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2 C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 R2# //Codes表示路由项生成的方式，C表示直连路由；S表示静态路由；R表示RIP协议生成；O表示OPSF协议生成。 R2>en R2#sh int f0/0 //查看具体接口的信息 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.11e0.9d01 (bia 0010.11e0.9d01) //接口物理地址 Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24 //接口IP地址 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, //BW为带宽；DLY为延时 reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45 ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00, Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue :0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 12 packets input, 1536 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 12 packets output, 1212 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped outR3配置如下：（解释类同R2） Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n Press RETURN to get started! Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#hostname R3 R3(config)#int f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#int s0/0/0 R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1 R3(config)#end R3# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R3#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 192.168.6.2 YES manual up up Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R3#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 R3#PC0连接PC1：
PC1连接PC0：
由于新加入的路由器没有串行接口，故需要手动添加，步骤如下： 1.先把路由器的电源关掉。
2.把物理串口拖动到路由器接口处。
3.启动步骤1中的电源，然后进入CLI配置页面，等待初始化完成，点击确定即可。
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