英语标点符号用法大全之逗号(Comma) |
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在并列成分中的最后一个逗号,常被称作the serial comma(连续逗号)或the Oxford comma(牛津逗号)。 在实际使用中,这个逗号到底是否是必要的,是存有争议的。但是,如果不使用这个逗号,有的句子就会产生歧义。如: My favourite sandwiches are chicken, bacon and ham and cheese. My favourite sandwiches are chicken, bacon and ham and cheese. 上句中的bacon后面没有逗号,就会产生歧义:到底三明治的馅料中是包含三种还是四种材料就无法确定了,是包括chicken、bacon、ham and cheese三种材料,还是包括chicken、bacon、ham、cheese四种材料呢? 因此,如果在bacon后面加上逗号,意思就明确了:包含三种材料,即ham and cheese是一种材料: My favourite sandwiches are chicken, bacon, and ham and cheese. My favourite sandwiches are chicken, bacon, and ham and cheese. (二)用于直接引语中 当直接引语位于说话者的前面时,引语的句末往往用逗号隔开,且位于引号内。如: ‘I don't agree,' I replied. ‘Here we are,' they said. ‘I don't agree,' I replied. ‘Here we are,' they said. 如果直接引语位于说话者的后面时,逗号用于说话者的动作之后,且位于引号外。如: Steve replied, 'No problem.’ Steve replied, 'No problem.’ 但是,如果直接引语是感叹句或是疑问句时,句末则分别使用感叹号和问好,而不是逗号。如: ‘Stop him!’ she shouted. ‘Did you see that?’ he asked. ‘Stop him!’ she shouted. ‘Did you see that?’ he asked. 如果说话者前后都有引语时,则前面的引语的句末用逗号,且位于引号内。而说话者的动作后面要用逗号,且位于引号外。如: ‘Yes,’ he said, ‘and I always keep my promises.’ ‘Thinking back,’ she added, ‘I didn’t expect to win.’ ‘Yes,’ he said, ‘and I always keep my promises.’ ‘Thinking back,’ she added, ‘I didn’t expect to win.’ (三)用于分隔主从句 用来分隔主句和从句。如: After we had had lunch, we went back to work. If he comes, I will tell him the good news. After we had had lunch, we went back to work. If he comes, I will tell him the good news. 这种情况下,逗号使用与否区别不大。 但是,对于定语从句,则区别很大。一般来说,限定性定语从句和先行词之间不用逗号,但非限定性定语从句与先行词则必须用逗号隔开。如: 限定性定语从句:Passengers who have young children may board the aircraft first. 非限定性定语从句:Passengers, who have young children, may board the aircraft first. 限定性定语从句:Passengers who have young children may board the aircraft first. 非限定性定语从句:Passengers, who have young children, may board the aircraft first. 第一句的意思是“有小孩的乘客可以先登机”,意思是没有小孩的乘客要后登机。 而第二句的意思是“乘客可以先登机,他们都带有小孩”,意思是所有乘客都有小孩。 (四)用于分隔句子成分 逗号常用来分隔句子中的非主要成分,如插入语、同位语等。如: Gunpowder is not, of course, a chemical compound. His latest film, Calypso Dreams, opens next month. Gunpowder is not, of course, a chemical compound. His latest film, Calypso Dreams, opens next month. 第一句中的of course是插入语,而第二句中的Calypso Dreams是同位语,对于整个句子来说都不是主要成分,所以用逗号隔开了。 (五)用于句与句之间的连接词之后 逗号常用来分隔句与句之间的连接词,比如however、therefore等。如: She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected. She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected. 如果觉得好,欢迎继续关注廖怀宝的原创微信订阅号“新概念英语的教与学”!返回搜狐,查看更多 |
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