计算机断层扫描 (CT) 与先进的图像处理相结合，可用于在 2 维和 3 维空间中以非侵入性和非破坏性方式可视化生活和非生活媒体的复杂内部。除了医学应用外，CT 还广泛用于土壤和植物科学，用于对物理、化学和生物特性和过程进行视觉和定量描述。该技术已成功用于许多应用。然而，随着 CT 技术的快速发展和应用的扩展，需要重新审查。近年来，仅对涉及土壤和植物研究综合领域的 CT 应用示例进行了少数尝试。因此，这项工作的目标是：(1)简要介绍CT和图像处理的基本原理；(2) 基于Web of Science文献的文献计量分析，识别CT在过去30年的研究现状和热点；(3) 对 CT 在土壤科学中用于测量土壤特性（例如，多孔土壤结构、土壤成分、土壤生物学、传热、水流和溶质迁移）的应用进行全面回顾；(4) 概述 CT 在植物科学中用于检测形态结构、植物材料特性和根土相互作用的应用。此外，还讨论了 CT 和图像处理的局限性，并给出了未来的展望。(3) 对 CT 在土壤科学中用于测量土壤特性（例如，多孔土壤结构、土壤成分、土壤生物学、传热、水流和溶质迁移）的应用进行全面回顾；(4) 概述 CT 在植物科学中用于检测形态结构、植物材料特性和根土相互作用的应用。此外，还讨论了 CT 和图像处理的局限性，并给出了未来的展望。(3) 对 CT 在土壤科学中用于测量土壤特性（例如，多孔土壤结构、土壤成分、土壤生物学、传热、水流和溶质迁移）的应用进行全面回顾；(4) 概述 CT 在植物科学中用于检测形态结构、植物材料特性和根土相互作用的应用。此外，还讨论了 CT 和图像处理的局限性，并给出了未来的展望。

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Computed tomography (CT) in combination with advanced image processing can be used to non-invasively and non-destructively visualize complex interiors of living and non-living media in 2 and 3-dimensional space. In addition to medical applications, CT has also been widely used in soil and plant science for visual and quantitative descriptions of physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes. The technique has been used successfully on numerous applications. However, with a rapidly evolving CT technologies and expanding applications, a renewed review is desirable. Only a few attempts have been made to collate and review examples of CT applications involving the integrated field of soil and plant research in recent years. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to: (1) briefly introduce the basic principles of CT and image processing; (2) identify the research status and hot spots of CT using bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science literature over the past three decades; (3) provide an overall review of CT applications in soil science for measuring soil properties (e.g., porous soil structure, soil components, soil biology, heat transfer, water flow, and solute transport); and (4) give an overview of applications of CT in plant science to detect morphological structures, plant material properties, and root-soil interaction. Moreover, the limitations of CT and image processing are discussed and future perspectives are given.