在过去的十年中，嗜中性粒细胞迁移及其在炎症中的作用一直是人们关注的焦点。实时成像技术的进步和新模型系统的使用已帮助揭示了中性粒细胞在受伤和感染组织中的行为。尽管中性粒细胞被认为是在受损组织中发生凋亡的短暂效应细胞，但最近的证据表明中性粒细胞的行为更为复杂，在某些情况下，中性粒细胞可能会离开组织损伤部位并迁移回脉管系统。反向迁移的作用及其对炎症消退的作用尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在组织中介导嗜中性粒细胞正向和反向迁移以响应损伤或感染的不同线索，以及这些机制对人类疾病的影响。

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Neutrophil migration and its role during inflammation has been the focus of increased interest in the past decade. Advances in live imaging and the use of new model systems have helped to uncover the behaviour of neutrophils in injured and infected tissues. Although neutrophils were considered to be short-lived effector cells that undergo apoptosis in damaged tissues, recent evidence suggests that neutrophil behaviour is more complex and, in some settings, neutrophils might leave sites of tissue injury and migrate back into the vasculature. The role of reverse migration and its contribution to resolution of inflammation remains unclear. In this Review, we discuss the different cues within tissues that mediate neutrophil forward and reverse migration in response to injury or infection and the implications of these mechanisms to human disease.