对于学术人来说，论文写作和投稿可谓是非常重要的事了。我们对待文章就像对待自己的孩子一样，从孕育到落地再到成长，每一个时期都注入了作者大量的心血和时间。

从最初的论文写作到最终的投稿发表，最令人欣喜的莫过于直接接收或者审稿人给出了小修的意见，而最令人伤神的莫过于直接拒稿或者大修重新投稿。

编辑意见

我们先来看看一般来说，编辑意见分为哪几种情况呢？通常来说，有以下几点：

1. 直接接收

除非你是学术界的大牛，除非你的论文是无可挑剔，除非你是「锦鲤」，一般而言，这种情况很少存在，尤其是对于影响因子比较高的期刊，文章不退修个几稿，都不好意思说自己是个负责任的好期刊。

2. 直接拒稿

由于论文的选题方向不符合、由于论文的数据选择有问题，由于论文的语言表述不恰当等等原因，期刊直接拒稿，这对于作者来说莫过于是最大的打击。

3. 给出修改意见

给出修改意见分为小修和大修。

小修说明得到了审稿人和编辑的肯定，可能会让改一些格式、修正一些语法等，修改比较简单，只要认真对待你就等着交版面费吧。

大修说明文章需要伤筋动骨，可能需要补充实验或理论证明，大修比较困难，尤其是一些审稿人意见让你无从下手不知所措。所以，被毙的风险很大。

4. 重新投稿

比大修要严重一些，说明你的文章实在是存在很多很关键性的问题，需要打乱重新组稿，编辑老师比较仁慈想再给你一次重新投稿的机会，但这个机会很渺茫。

如何应对审稿人意见

对于给出审稿人修改意见的文章而言，我们需要怎么回复呢？

1. 态度端正、礼貌谦和

一篇文章从写作到见刊，辛苦付出的除了作者之外，还有审稿人编辑老师等。审稿人也是需要花费很长的时间去阅读你的文章，甚至是查阅资料之后对你的文章做出评论并给出审稿意见。

如果文章存在的问题比较多，那么审稿人的修改意见有可能就有几千字之多，由此可见审稿人对你的文章也付出了很多。

所以，在回复审稿人意见时要写几句感谢的话，感谢审稿专家的专业意见，感谢编辑部的辛勤付出。在回复修改意见时一定要态度端正，正确对待，礼貌谦和，毕恭毕敬。不能够自己洋洋洒洒的写一大段就应付了事了。

2. 正视问题，逐条回答，不可遗漏

一定要点对点的针对审稿意见进行回复，详细说明修改原因，如何修改，具体在论文里修改了哪里（具体到哪一章节哪一行），一定要说明清楚。逐条回答审稿人的意见，多个审稿人的意见要分开回复，不要穿插在一起。

修改的地方可以视情况在原文中使用高亮、审阅模式、批注等进行标记。

回答格式建议为：「审稿人意见原文+感谢审稿人意见+回答内容。」

注意：语气要好，即使你觉得审稿人提出了一个弱智问题或者真心觉得他抬杠，你也要平心静气认真解答。

实在无法解释的，寻求导师帮助，有时候需要做模糊处理，把你知道的讲清楚，把你合理的猜测讲明白。最好采用和文章正文一样的字体字号和图片注释方法。审稿意见有几条，你回复的时候就写几条。

3. 条理清晰，有理有据

把需要回复的内容分条目整理出来，如果审稿人已经分好了，那你跳过；如果审稿人意见没有分开，你就需要进行整理。

对审稿人的意见回复要有条有理，有理有据，而且要分段写，让编辑和审稿专家一眼就能够看清楚。不可存在侥幸心理。

4. 有语言问题的必须修改，推荐的参考文献要引用

审稿人长期进行审稿，对语言用词比较熟悉和关注，所以审稿人如果对你的语言提出的修改意见，一定要仔细润色，如果自己英语水平不好，可以找专业人士润色。

审稿人可能是你该论文方向某一领域的专家，对该领域比较熟悉，有值得推荐的论文，所以推荐的参考文献一定要阅读和引用。

5. 如不同意审稿人意见，需给出理由

如果不同意审稿人的意见，在感谢审稿人意见之后，应该给出足够的理由和结果用以佐证。

而对于无法修改的内容，也要说明其中具体的原因，但是同时你也要表示出你为此做出了什么样的措施来弥补，或者说你的理由足够充分。

而不能说这条意见没法儿改，我也不改，您看着办吧。这样的话，那就是自寻死路。一般审稿人没有这么好的脾气。

6. 注意回复时间

从收到编辑回信至回复意见，时间不可短，更不能超过 deadline，太短显得草率。

原则上，「mini revision」也要一周后再回复，即使在一天的时间内能修好；对于「major revision」，回复时间要三周以上。

所以，分析哪些是需要其他数据支撑的而你没有的，尽快安排测试或分析，截止日期前一定要搞定，特别复杂的无法按期完成的需要与老板商量斟酌是否需要先与杂志方联系推迟截稿日期。

7.   意见相左时，应自行判断

如果两位审稿人的意见相左，则应该自行判断，并给出如此修改的理由。

有时候两个审稿人意见可能互相矛盾，在此情况下，我们应援引另一审稿人的建议进行回应，并做出修改说明。

8. 结尾再次表示感谢

在回复信的结尾最好写上「再次谢谢您的建议，希望能从您那里学到更多的知识」这句话最好要用黑体标粗，耀眼。当然关键的是，文章要尽量改的让专家和编辑部满意，才能尽快通过。

附回复信一般模版：

以下是各种情境下的审稿意见回复撰写模板，供参考：

开头与结尾的写法

1. 开头表达感谢

首先要简短感谢编辑，然后感谢审稿专家。不必长篇大论，招人烦。例如：

We appreciate the /Thank you very much for the excellent/ encouraging/ kind/ positive/constructive comments/ suggestions/ recommendation/ remarks.

We sincerely thank the reviewer for thoroughly examining our manuscript and providing very helpful comments to guide our revision.

Sincere thanks should be given to the reviewer for the constructive comments and suggestions. The responses to the comments are given below.

感谢建议…, which have helped improve our manuscript. To address your and the reviewers’ concerns, we have provided more information on… and improved the interpretation of the data. We also asked a native English speaker to edit the use of English grammar.

2. 最先表明立场：你们提出的问题我都逐一处理了

We have tried our best to revise the manuscript according to your kind and construction comments and suggestions.

Please find the following detailed responses to your comments and suggestions.

We sincerely hope that this revised manuscript has addressed all your comments and suggestions.

We have provided a point-by-point response to the reviewers' comments below in blue color.

Our response to the questions are shown below./ We have addressed each point below.

We have collected more data and included detailed discussions to address the reviewer’s main concerns.

3. Response 最后的一些套话

We sincerely hope that this revised manuscript has addressed all your comments and suggestions. We appreciated for reviewers’ warm work earnestly,and hope that the correction will meet with approval.Once again,thank you very much for your comments and suggestions.

We would like to thank the referee again for taking the time to review our manuscript.

答复具体问题

1. 回答问题的开头

Yes, we agree…/ We fully agree with the reviewer that

To address the reviewer’s concern, …

Thanks a lot for the reviewer’s comments. …

Thank the reviewer for the constructive comments and suggestions. Yes…

2. 要求补充内容

To verify the effect of XXX modification on the structure of XXX,we supplemented the

Thanks for your kind suggestions,which is valuable for improving the accuracy of the manuscript.

More discussions/data/details/descriptions/information/ have been included in the revised manuscript (Line 100-101)

3. 要求调整说法

We’ve changed [original text] to [edited text] (page 5, line 24)

We have revised the text to address your concerns and hope that it is now clearer. Please see page 5 of the revised manuscript, lines 9–20, and page 6, lines 1–20.

To address the reviewer’s concern, we have rewritten this sentence as follows:

We have fixed the error/ removed…

We agree and have updated.

This observation is correct. We have changed.

We have made the change. The new sentence reads as follows.

Corrected, as suggested. / Rephrased, as suggested.

4. 要求语言修改

Thanks for your constructive suggestion, which is highly appreciated.We have carefully scrutinized the manuscript, and made corresponding revisions including some typos, grammatical errors and long sentences, etc.

This manuscript has been revised extensively according to the reviewers' constructive suggestions. In addition, the expression of the manuscript has been improved with the help of a native English speaker.

5. 要求补充文献

Thanks for the references, which are now included in the revised manuscript. Specific references are listed as follows:XXX

常见negtive意见的回复

1. 回复创新性不足的问题

Thanks for your comments, which is highly appreciated. As for the novelty, it is well-known that XXX. However, XXX. Although there are some reports focusing on XXX, the focus on XXX has been rarely explored. Especially for XXX that features some unparalleled merits like XXX, only several reports underlined XXX. More unfortunately, little attention was paid to XXX. In this report, 重申创新.Thanks again to the reviewer on suggesting to further improve this manuscript,we have studied comments carefully and have made corresponding corrections which we hope meet with approval.

2. 要求补充试验，但是无法完成

We agree with the reviewer that further elaborating on this point using new data would be helpful. However, we believe that expanding our dataset is neither feasible, given the costs involved, nor would significantly support our argument. For this reason, we chose not to make this change, but we added the following sentence to paragraph 3 in the discussion: “Though having a larger dataset would offer further insight…”.

We apologize if our original Figure 2 did not show…. We did not intend to…. We have modified the figure and hope that it is now clear that…. We believe that adding a new figure, as the reviewer suggested, would be unnecessary given that our new Figure 2 shows….

We appreciate the reviewer’s insightful suggestion and agree that it would be useful to demonstrate that…; however, such an analysis is beyond the scope of our paper, which aims only to show that…. Nevertheless, we recognize this limitation should be mentioned in the paper, so we added the following sentence…

…was not the scope of this study. Keeping the reviewer’s comment in mind, we prefer to quantify this effect using the model system in our following works.

3. 若干审稿意见之间存在冲突

As we received conflicting advice from another reviewer, we decided to make the change they suggested, because…. We hope this was the right decision.

Revision letter 的模板

(A) Thank you very much for your e-mail dated 16 June, 2017 regarding the review results of our manuscript (es-2017-). I am pleased to submit the revised manuscript to... Enclosed please find the revised paper and the point-by-point list of our response to reviewers’ comments.

This manuscript has been revised very carefully according to the constructive comments from the three reviewers. Their main concerns have been well addressed. The following is the highlighted revisions that we have made:

(B) Please find our revised manuscript entitled “…(ac-2019-)” for publication in...

We are glad that the reviewers find the work important, and very much appreciate their specific comments, which have helped improve our manuscript. We have provided additional data and revised the manuscript carefully. We believe that this work is now suitable for publication in...

(C) Please find our revised manuscript entitled “… (2020-)” for publication...

We are glad that the editor and the reviewers find the work important, and very much appreciate the comments, which have helped improve our manuscript. We have conducted additional experiments and revised the manuscript carefully. We believe that this work is now suitable for publication in...

We describe a point-by-point response to the comments from the editor and the reviewers below, and also highlight the revisions in blue in the manuscript.