英语疑难解析:to do、doing和done作定语的比较 |
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一、不定式作定语 不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作,即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。 多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词,表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。 注意: 不定式作定语,被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时,要加上适当的介词。 如: 1.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person________. A.to send B.for sending it C.to send it to D.for sending it to 【分析】 答案选C。the person是send it的对象,可理解为to send it to the person。 2.There are five pairs________,but I'm at a loss which to choose. A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing 【分析】 答案选B。是“有五双可选择”即“从这五双中选择一双”而不是“选择五双”。 3.After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand________. A.by B.on C.up D.with 【分析】 答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方,即stand on the tall box。 4.Then there are always people to________if you fell like a chat. A.talk to B.talk C.speak about D.speak 【分析】 答案选A。people是talk的对象,即talk to people。 二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外),分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。 被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生;被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。 注意: 现在分词的完成式通常只作状语,而不能作定语。如: 1.The flowers________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt 【分析】 答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的,排除表示将来的不定式,即A和D;又因为the flowers与smell (发出…味)是主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作定语。 2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________in your mind instead of before your eyes. A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed 【分析】 答案选C。form作“出现、产生”解,是不及物动词,pictures与form是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,表示“图画出现”与“有”同时发生。注意:这与表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。 3.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the________. A.20dollars remained B.20dollars to remain C.remained 20dollars D.remaining 20dollars 【分析】 答案选D。remain是不及物动词,其过去分词无被动含义,用remaining (剩下的)作定语,修饰20dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left 4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known 【分析】 答案选B。因为the…company与know是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语,known as 3M = which was known as 3M。 5.The picture________on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 【分析】 答案选B。hang作“某物悬挂 /吊在某处”解,是不及物动词,the picture与hang是主动关系,用hanging作定语。 6.The disc, digitally________in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded 【分析】 答案选A。the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系,且record发生在谓语sounded之前,而不是之后,所以不用不定式,而用过去分词作定语。 7.The first textbooks________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 【分析】 答案选D。textbooks与write是被动关系,且write发生在谓语came out(出版)之前,而不是之后,所以不用不定式,而要用过去分词作定语。 8.The Olympic Games,________in 776B.C, did not include women players until 1912. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 【分析】 答案选C。The Olympic games与play是被动关系,排除A和D;不定式的被动式,表示未来的动作,排除B。 9. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers. A.to solving, making B.to solving, made C.to solve, making D.to solve, made 【分析】 答案选B。key to(…的关键)中to是介词,应接动名词,排除C和D;又因名词demand与make是被动关系(made demands提出要求),另有by这一标志词暗示,用过去分词作定语。 三、to be done, being done, done作定语的区别to be done表示将来,being done表示目前正在发生,done表示过去己经发生。如: The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天要开的会很重要。 The meeting being held now is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。 The meeting held yesterday was important. 昨天开的那个会议很重要。 四、动名词作定语动名词作定语只放在名词前,说明该名词的性能或用途,不表动作,被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系。如: drinking water =water for drinking 饮用水 climbing shoes =shoes for climbing 登山鞋 |
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