2023年python爬取中国大学排名并且进行数据分析 |
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2023年python爬取中国大学排名并且进行数据分析
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目录 保存到csv 柱形图 折线图 饼图 散点图 箱形图 环形图 爬取2023年python爬取中国大学排名并且进行数据分析，话不多说，2023年的最新的，复制就可以用，直接上代码。
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import csv import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def getHTMLText(url): try: r = requests.get(url, timeout=30) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding html = r.text return html except: print("爬取失败") return None def fillUnivList(ulist, html): soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') table = soup.find('table', class_='rk-table') if table is None: print("未找到排名表格") return tbody = table.find('tbody') if tbody is None: print("未找到标签") return data = tbody.find_all('tr') for tr in data: tds = tr.find_all('td') if len(tds) < 5: # 跳过不完整的行 continue td_2 = tds[2].text.strip() if tds[2].text else "" td_3 = tds[3].text.strip() if tds[3].text else "" ulist.append([tds[0].string.strip(), tds[1].find('a').string.strip(), td_2, td_3, tds[4].string.strip()]) def printUnivList(ulist, num): file_name = "大学排行.csv" with open(file_name, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(["排名", "大学名称", "省市", "类型", "总分"]) for i in range(num): u = ulist[i] writer.writerow(u) print(f"排名：{u[0]}\t大学名称：{u[1]}\t省市：{u[2]}\t类型：{u[3]}\t总分：{u[4]}") # 折线图 def drawLineChart(ulist): ranks = [(u[1]) for u in ulist] scores = [float(u[4]) for u in ulist] names = [u[0] for u in ulist] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) plt.plot(ranks, scores) plt.xlabel('大学名称') plt.ylabel('总分') plt.title('大学排行榜折线图') for i in range(len(ranks)): plt.text(ranks[i], scores[i], names[i], ha='center', va='bottom') plt.show() # 饼图 def generatePieChart(ulist, num): provinces = {} for i in range(num): province = ulist[i][2] if province in provinces: provinces[province] += 1 else: provinces[province] = 1 labels = provinces.keys() sizes = provinces.values() plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%') plt.axis('equal') plt.title('大学排行前30名的省份分布') plt.show() # plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 柱形图 def printUnivList2(ulist, num): ranks = [] scores = [] names = [] for i in range(num): u = ulist[i] ranks.append(int(u[0])) scores.append(float(u[4])) names.append(u[1]) plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.bar(ranks, scores) plt.xlabel('排名') plt.ylabel('总分') plt.title('大学排名') for i in range(len(ranks)): # 在每个柱形图上方显示大学名称 plt.text(ranks[i], scores[i], names[i], ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=4) plt.show() # 散点图 def generateScatterPlot(ulist, num): scores = [float(ulist[i][4]) for i in range(num)] ranks = [i + 1 for i in range(num)] names = [ulist[i][1] for i in range(num)] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8)) plt.scatter(ranks, scores) plt.title('大学排名与总分的关系') plt.xlabel('排名') plt.ylabel('总分') for i, name in enumerate(names): plt.annotate(name, (ranks[i], scores[i]), xytext=(5, 5), textcoords='offset points', fontsize=8) plt.show() # 箱形图 def generateBoxPlot(ulist, num): scores = [float(ulist[i][4]) for i in range(num)] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) plt.boxplot(scores) plt.title('大学总分箱形图') plt.ylabel('总分') plt.show() # 环形图 def generateDonutChart(ulist, num): provinces = {} for i in range(num): province = ulist[i][2] if province in provinces: provinces[province] += 1 else: provinces[province] = 1 labels = provinces.keys() sizes = provinces.values() plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) _, _, autotexts = plt.pie(sizes, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', wedgeprops=dict(width=0.4)) plt.setp(autotexts, size=8) plt.title('大学排行前30名的省份分布（环形图）') plt.axis('equal') plt.show() def main(): ulist = [] url = 'https://www.shanghairanking.cn/rankings/bcur/202311.html' html = getHTMLText(url) if html is not None: fillUnivList(ulist, html) printUnivList(ulist, 30) printUnivList2(ulist, 30) # 柱形图 drawLineChart(ulist) # 折线图 generatePieChart(ulist, 30) # 饼图 generateScatterPlot(ulist, 30) # 调用生成散点图的函数 generateBoxPlot(ulist, 30) # 调用生成箱形图的函数 generateDonutChart(ulist, 30) # 调用生成环形图的函数 main() 下面这个是运行结果 保存到csv #保存到csv def printUnivList(ulist, num): file_name = "大学排行.csv" with open(file_name, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(["排名", "大学名称", "省市", "类型", "总分"]) for i in range(num): u = ulist[i] writer.writerow(u) print(f"排名：{u[0]}\t大学名称：{u[1]}\t省市：{u[2]}\t类型：{u[3]}\t总分：{u[4]}")
散点图 # 散点图 def generateScatterPlot(ulist, num): scores = [float(ulist[i][4]) for i in range(num)] ranks = [i + 1 for i in range(num)] names = [ulist[i][1] for i in range(num)] plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] plt.figure(dpi=300) # 设置图像分辨率为300 plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8)) plt.scatter(ranks, scores) plt.title('大学排名与总分的关系') plt.xlabel('排名') plt.ylabel('总分') for i, name in enumerate(names): plt.annotate(name, (ranks[i], scores[i]), xytext=(5, 5), textcoords='offset points', fontsize=8) plt.show()
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