英语中“后退”该怎么表达？

1. back out of/through/towards etc.: to walk backwards in a particular direction, especially in order to leave a room or building

例：

Hardy backed slowly toward the door. （哈迪慢慢退到门边。）

Simmons quietly backed out of the office, his face red with embarrassment. （西蒙斯尴尬得满脸通红，静静退出办公室。）

When she was sure the baby was asleep, she backed softly through the bedroom door. （她看孩子确实睡着了，就轻手轻脚地退出卧室。）

2. back away: to walk slowly backwards, especially to get further away from someone or to avoid a dangerous situation

例：

"Are you crazy?'' she cried, backing away. （“你疯了吗？”她边说边退后。）

back away from

We slowly backed away from the rattlesnake. （我们从响尾蛇所在处慢慢向后退。）

3. back up: to move backwards a little, for example in order to give someone enough space to move

备注："back up"常用于美式英语中。

例：

Back up a bit so that everyone can see. （退后一点，那样大家才能看见你。）

Can you back up a few steps so that I can open the door?（你退后几步好吗？我好开门。）

4. retreat: to walk backwards or away from the direction you were walking before, especially in order to avoid an embarrassing or unpleasant situation

例：

He saw her and retreated, too shy to speak to her. （他看见她就害羞得退了几步，不敢和她说话。）

Jim saw me approaching and quickly retreated down a side street. （吉姆看见我朝他走去，马上躲进一条巷子里。）

retreat from/into/to etc.

Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance. （派瑞点了导火线，向后退到安全地带。）

5. step back: to take one step or a few steps backwards

例：

Myers quickly stepped back into the house when he caught sight of us. （梅耶斯一眼看到我们，就马上回屋了。）

As the lights of a car approached he stepped back into the shadows. （有辆车开近，他一下躲进车头灯照不到的暗处。）

6. recoil: to suddenly move part or all of your body backwards, away from something that is unpleasant or frightening

例：

She looked at the dead body and recoiled. （她看了看尸体，退了几步。）

recoil from

She recoiled from his touch. （他碰了她一下，她突然退了一步。）

We recoiled in horror at the sight of his wounded arm. （看见他手臂受了这么重的伤，我们吓得退了几步。）

We recoiled at the prospect of having to spend that much money to fix the car. （要花这么多钱来修车，我们望而却步。）

补充：''recoil''还可以用来表示“枪的后坐力”（''recoil''可以做动词也可以作名词）。

例：

The rifle recoiled and bruised my shoulder. （来福枪的后坐力把我的肩膀震淤青了。）

The gun has a sharp recoil. （这枪的后坐力很大。）

The recoil of the gun sent him flying backwards. （这枪的后坐力把他震得向后飞起。）

7. pull away: to move quickly and suddenly backwards in order to get away from someone, especially because you are upset, angry, or frightened

例：

When Helen took his arm he tried to pull away. （海伦一碰到他的胳膊，他就想向后退不让她碰。）

I tried to kiss her but she pulled away. （我想亲她，但是她向后退躲开了。）