The empowerment of blockchain is a new trend in current digital agricultural operations. However, huge investments in systems, equipment, and human resources all pose major obstacles to blockchain technology. Whether blockchain technology has an enabling effect on agriculture has always been a potentially controversial issue. Therefore, in this paper, we build a two-echelon supply chain model between an agricultural enterprise and an e-commerce retail platform, focusing on the conditions for agricultural enterprises and platforms to accept blockchain technology. Research shows that the adoption of blockchain technology on the platform will lead to higher wholesale prices of agricultural enterprises, which also increase the retail price of products, and at the same time, the demand of products also increasees. Adopting blockchain technology is always the best strategy for e-commerce platforms, but not necessarily for agricultural enterprises. Only when the learning efficiency of agricultural enterprises is high, or the learning efficiency of agricultural enterprises and the traceability efficiency of e-commerce platforms are both low, the use of blockchain technology can benefit both agricultural enterprises and e-commerce platforms and achieve a win-win situation. Conversely, the adoption of blockchain technology can only benefit e-commerce platforms. Our study highlights the conditional acceptance of the disruptive blockchain as well as provides valuable insight for both agricultural enterprises and e-commerce platforms in the early stage of blockchain.