英语复合形容词的构成方法

■本站特约作者  陈根花

有读者朋友在本站提问（www.yygrammar.com/GuestBook/Guest_Reply.asp?TopicID=1333），希望了解有关英语复合形容词的构成方法，我们特约请本站特约作者陈根花老师撰写了本文，供朋友们参考：

复合形容词写起来经常带有连字符。最常见的类型有如下几种：

一、用分词等构成的复合形容词

1. 用过去分词构成。如：

She watched him from behind half-closed eyelids. 她半闭着眼观察他。

Long ago, people traveled in horse-drawn carriages. 很久以前，人们乘坐马车旅行。

Foam-filled couches are a serious fire hazard. 泡沫填料的沙发是火灾的一大隐患。

They sauntered along the tree-lined boulevard. 他们沿着两旁绿树成荫的大道漫步。

My hearing-impaired sister signed “good-bye” to me. 我听力受损的姐姐用手势语向我告别。

Their single-minded devotion to the care of the dying was admirable. 他们对垂死者的尽心照顾真是令人钦佩。

The government has scrapped its plans for earning-related pensions. 政府已经废弃了与收入挂钩的养老金计划。

Many buildings collapsed under the weight of rain-soaked ash and mud. 许多大楼在雨水浸泡的泥灰重压下倒塌了。

According to a strict definition, the expenses of a self-employed person can be deducted from tax. 根据严格的定义，个体经营者的开支可从税款中扣除。

2. 用现在分词构成。如：

It is very space-consuming. 这东西很占地方。

It was a time-consuming and fiddly job. 这项工作耗时费事。

Appeals can be costly and time-consuming.上诉可能要花很多钱，并且很耗时间。

The long-playing record was made defunct by the arrival of the CD. 光盘的出现使慢转唱片过时了。

The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for its residents. 这家旅馆为旅客提供刷鞋服务。

You have a choice of hotel or self-catering accommodation. 你可选择住旅馆或自理膳食的住宿处。

The winter heatwave in California is a stark contrast to the below-freezing temperatures on the East Coast. 加州的冬季热浪与东海岸的零下气温形成了鲜明的对比。

Our long-suffering mining communities deserve better than this. 我们长期受苦受难的采矿群体应该得到比这更好的待遇。

3. 用看上去像分词而实际上是由“名词加-ed”合成的词构成。如：

He was bare-chested and barefoot. 他袒胸赤足。

In his later life he became even more absent-minded. 他晚年变得愈加健忘了。

He was hollow-eyed and seemed very close to exhaustion. 他眼眶深陷，看起来几乎是精疲力竭了。

When the police arrived the burglars fled empty-handed. 警察赶到时，窃贼两手空空地逃走了。

She is warm-hearted and kind to everyone and everything. 她对每个人每件事都很热心、宽厚。

He might be a bore, but he was as quick-witted as a weasel. 他也许是个很无聊的人，可是却像黄鼠狼一样机灵。

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