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python爬虫实操
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本次我们将爬取Ajax动态加载数据并进行简单数据分析，其主要方式是找到数据的json包，将其保存到本地目录，进行数据分析 文章目录 一、业务分析二、步骤1.找到数据2.抓取数据3.分析数据 总结 一、业务分析目标网站：NBA中国官方网站https://china.nba.com/statistics/ 爬取字段： 使用到的库：requests， json，csv，pandas numpy ，matplotlib 其中requests，json进行数据抓取 cxv保存到本地 pandas，numpy进行数据分析 matplotlib可视化 二、步骤 1.找到数据首先，我们要找到储存数据的json包，F12进入开发者模式 点击网络，选择XHR，进行刷新，就可以看到json包了 这里我选择了抓取本赛季前50球员的数据，在json包中寻找，可以看到 先定义抓取json包方法 def getJson(url): headers={ 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.53' } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers) json_data = json.loads(response.text) return json_data定义抓取数据的方法 def getData(json_data): playerList=[] for item in json_data['payload']['players']: player_dataDict={} #球员名字 name=item['playerProfile']['code'] #出场次数 games=item['statAverage']['games'] #先发 gamesStarted=item['statAverage']['gamesStarted'] #分钟 mins=item['statAverage']['minsPg'] #三分命中 tpm=item['statAverage']['tppct'] #罚球命中 ftm=item['statAverage']['ftpct'] #进攻 offRebs=item['statAverage']['offRebsPg'] #防守 defRebs=item['statAverage']['defRebsPg'] #篮板 rebs=item['statAverage']['rebsPg'] #助攻 assists=item['statAverage']['assistsPg'] #抢断 steals=item['statAverage']['stealsPg'] #盖帽 blocks=item['statAverage']['blocksPg'] #失误 turnovers=item['statAverage']['turnoversPg'] #犯规 fouls=item['statAverage']['foulsPg'] #得分 points=item['statAverage']['pointsPg'] player_dataDict['球员']=name player_dataDict['场次']=games player_dataDict['先发']=gamesStarted player_dataDict['出场时间']=mins player_dataDict['三分命中率']=tpm player_dataDict['罚球命中率']=ftm player_dataDict['进攻效率']=offRebs player_dataDict['防守效率']=defRebs player_dataDict['篮板']=rebs player_dataDict['助攻']= assists player_dataDict['抢断']=steals player_dataDict['盖帽']=blocks player_dataDict['失误']=turnovers player_dataDict['犯规']=fouls player_dataDict['得分']=points print(player_dataDict) playerList.append(player_dataDict) return playerList接下来进行存储 def writeData(playerList): #写入数据 with open('player_data.csv','w',encoding='utf-8',newline='')as f: write=csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['球员','场次','先发','出场时间','三分命中率','罚球命中率', '进攻效率','防守效率','篮板','助攻', '抢断','盖帽','失误','犯规','得分']) write.writeheader() for each in playerList: write.writerow(each)完整代码 import requests import json import csv import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt url='https://china.nba.com/static/data/league/playerstats_All_All_All_0_All_false_2021_2_All_Team_points_All_perGame.json' def getJson(url): headers={ 'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.53' } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers) json_data = json.loads(response.text) return json_data def getData(json_data): playerList=[] for item in json_data['payload']['players']: player_dataDict={} #球员名字 name=item['playerProfile']['code'] #出场次数 games=item['statAverage']['games'] #先发 gamesStarted=item['statAverage']['gamesStarted'] #分钟 mins=item['statAverage']['minsPg'] #三分命中 tpm=item['statAverage']['tppct'] #罚球命中 ftm=item['statAverage']['ftpct'] #进攻 offRebs=item['statAverage']['offRebsPg'] #防守 defRebs=item['statAverage']['defRebsPg'] #篮板 rebs=item['statAverage']['rebsPg'] #助攻 assists=item['statAverage']['assistsPg'] #抢断 steals=item['statAverage']['stealsPg'] #盖帽 blocks=item['statAverage']['blocksPg'] #失误 turnovers=item['statAverage']['turnoversPg'] #犯规 fouls=item['statAverage']['foulsPg'] #得分 points=item['statAverage']['pointsPg'] player_dataDict['球员']=name player_dataDict['场次']=games player_dataDict['先发']=gamesStarted player_dataDict['出场时间']=mins player_dataDict['三分命中率']=tpm player_dataDict['罚球命中率']=ftm player_dataDict['进攻效率']=offRebs player_dataDict['防守效率']=defRebs player_dataDict['篮板']=rebs player_dataDict['助攻']= assists player_dataDict['抢断']=steals player_dataDict['盖帽']=blocks player_dataDict['失误']=turnovers player_dataDict['犯规']=fouls player_dataDict['得分']=points print(player_dataDict) playerList.append(player_dataDict) return playerList def writeData(playerList): #写入数据 with open('player_data.csv','w',encoding='utf-8',newline='')as f: write=csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['球员','场次','先发','出场时间','三分命中率','罚球命中率', '进攻效率','防守效率','篮板','助攻', '抢断','盖帽','失误','犯规','得分']) write.writeheader() for each in playerList: write.writerow(each) if __name__ == "__main__": json_data = getJson(url) playerList=[] playerList += getData(json_data) writeData(playerList) 3.分析数据数据都存放到本地了，我们当然可以为所欲为 这里我们选取了几个字段，生成了每个球员的雷达图，方便进行比较 import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt df=pd.read_csv('player_data.csv') for i in range(50): x=df.loc[i] name=x.loc[['球员']] y=x.loc[['犯规','篮板','助攻','抢断','盖帽','失误']] labels=np.array(['犯规','篮板','助攻','抢断','盖帽','失误']) data=np.array(y) plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] angles=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi,len(labels),endpoint=False) labels=np.concatenate((labels,[labels[0]])) data=np.concatenate((data,[data[0]])) angles=np.concatenate((angles,[angles[0]])) plt.polar(angles, data,'bo-',linewidth=1) plt.thetagrids(angles*180/np.pi,labels) plt.fill(angles, data,facecolor='b',alpha=0.25) plt.title(str(name)) plt.show()
就不一个个上图了 总结Ajax动态数据还是非常容易爬取的，同时pandas和numpy库也非常值得学习 最后一句 “湖人总冠军” |
这里我们可以得到请求头信息以及json包 
这就是一会儿要抓取的数据
这里存放的是本赛季的数据 导入库
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