英文「肯定句、否定句」是什麼? 怎麼形成? – 英文庫 |
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Hi, everyone~ 歡迎來到英文庫的文法系列!😍 我是 Gloria~✌🏻 今天要帶大家來認識「肯定句」和「否定句」!相信大家對這兩種句型一定不陌生,因為肯定句和否定句在日常生活中,都是很常用到的表達方式! 那英文的肯定句和否定句到底要怎麼用呢?今天就來一次搞懂吧!Let’s go~😉 ![]() 首先,肯定句是什麼呢?我們先來看幾個例句了解: I am a student. 我是學生 He likes fast food. 他喜歡速食 They can speak English. 他們會說英語 從這些句子我們可以了解,肯定句就是用來「表示肯定」的句子,能用來表達「真實、肯定」的意思,通常用來敘述一件事實或肯定的事。 看完肯定句之後,接著就來介紹否定句。否定句是什麼呢?我們一樣先看例句來了解: I am not a student. 我不是學生 He does not like fast food. 他不喜歡速食 They cannot speak English. 他們不會說英語 看完這些句子你會發現,他們跟剛剛那些句子的差別在於,這些句子都出現了 not 這個否定的詞。所以句子從原本的肯定變成了否定的意思。 所以,我們就能了解,否定句是用來表達「否認、反對、拒絕」等意思的句子,通常在句子裡會出現 not,用來否定某一件事。 學完這兩個簡單的觀念,想必你現在一定很清楚肯定句和否定句是什麼。 但是,要怎麼把肯定句變成否定句呢?主要有幾個方法: 1️⃣ 句子有「be 動詞」時,在後面加 not:be 動詞加 not 的形式還可以用「縮寫」來表達,像是: is not = ‘s not / isn’t、was not = wasn’t 等等: ![]() I am happy. 👉🏻 I am not happy. He is happy. 👉🏻 He is not happy. = He‘s not happy. = He isn’t happy. She was happy. 👉🏻 She was not happy. = He wasn’t happy. They are happy. 👉🏻 They are not happy. = They‘re not happy. = They aren’t happy. They were happy. 👉🏻 They were not happy. = They weren’t happy. 2️⃣ 句子有「助動詞」時,在後面加上 not:I will call you. 👉🏻 I will not call you. He can sing. 👉🏻 He cannot sing. We have cleaned the table. 👉🏻 We have not cleaned the table. They should go out. 👉🏻 They should not go out. 通常助動詞後面加 not,也可以用縮寫來表達: will not = won’t would not = wouldn’t cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t had not = hadn’t should not = shouldn’tI will not call you. = I won’t call you. He cannot sing. = He can’t sing. We have not cleaned the table. = We haven’t cleaned the table. They should not go out. = They shouldn’t go out. 3️⃣ 句子有「一般動詞」時,在前面加 do not / does not 如果是「一般動詞的過去式」,前面都統一加上 did not首先,如果句子有一般動詞的話,要注意前面的主詞是什麼,再根據主詞來決定要加 do not 還是 does not。如果主詞是:I / You / We / They 的時候,就要用 do not I like apples. 👉🏻 I do not like apples. You like apples. 👉🏻 You do not like apples. They like apples. 👉🏻 They do not like apples. 那如果主詞是:He / She / It,或是單一個人的時候,就要用 does not。 ⚠️ 必須注意的是,在 does not 後面出現的動詞,直接用原形動詞就可以,不用特別加 s: He likes apples. 👉🏻 He does not like apples. She likes apples. 👉🏻 She does not like apples. John likes apples. 👉🏻 John does not like apples. 接下來,如果句子裡有「一般動詞的過去式」的話,在動詞前面統一加上 did not 就可以了! ⚠️ 但是要記得,did not 後面的動詞必須改回原形動詞,不再用過去式動詞。 I found the dog. 👉🏻 I did not find the dog. He found the dog. 👉🏻 He did not find the dog. They found the dog. 👉🏻 They did not find the dog. 那 do not / does not / did not 也可以用縮寫的形式來表達: do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’tI do not like apples. = I don’t like apples. He does not like apples. = He doesn’t like apples. I did not find the dog. = I didn’t find the dog. 除了在 be 動詞、助動詞、一般動詞後面加 not 以外,還有一些否定詞可以用來表示否定。嚴格來說,包含這些否定詞的句子都可以稱為否定句: no 沒有 nobody 沒有人 nothing 沒有事情、沒有東西 neither 兩者都不 none 都不 (某範圍以內都沒有) never 從不、絕不相關例句: I have no friends. 我沒有朋友 Nobody is in this room. 這個房間裡沒人 I saw nothing in the bag. 包包裡我什麼都沒看到 Neither of the boys was here. 這兩個男孩都不在這裡 None of the kids went to school. 這些小孩都沒去學校 We never drink coffee at night. 我們從來不在晚上喝咖啡 哇~恭喜你看完了!學完是不是很有成就感呢?給你一個大大的讚!👍🏻 希望看完這篇文章能讓你更認識英文的肯定句和否定句。相信只要你常常練習、反覆運用,以後就更能活用這些知識在生活中囉! 以上就是今天的文法系列~那我們就下次見啦!😎 |
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