基础知识

2024-07-17 07:27:19| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

R语言绘图基础之图形保存

在用ggplot2绘图时，经常发现图片中的中文无法显示或者中文字体格式不对，这种情况下，展现的图片是残缺不全的，为了解决R语言图片保存时，无法显示中文的问题，现对showtext()和Cairo包进行简单的运用。

常见方法

> library(showtext) > font_files()#显示中文字体有哪些？ path file family 1 /Library/Fonts Al Nile.ttc Al Nile 2 /Library/Fonts Al Tarikh.ttc Al Tarikh 3 /Library/Fonts AlBayan.ttc Al Bayan 4 /Library/Fonts AmericanTypewriter.ttc American Typewriter 5 /Library/Fonts Andale Mono.ttf Andale Mono 6 /Library/Fonts Apple Chancery.ttf Apple Chancery 7 /Library/Fonts AppleGothic.ttf AppleGothic 8 /Library/Fonts AppleMyungjo.ttf AppleMyungjo 9 /Library/Fonts Arial Black.ttf Arial Black 10 /Library/Fonts Arial Bold Italic.ttf Arial 11 /Library/Fonts Arial Bold.ttf Arial 12 /Library/Fonts Arial Italic.ttf Arial 13 /Library/Fonts Arial Narrow Bold Italic.ttf Arial Narrow 14 /Library/Fonts Arial Narrow Bold.ttf Arial Narrow 15 /Library/Fonts Arial Narrow Italic.ttf Arial Narrow 16 /Library/Fonts Arial Narrow.ttf Arial Narrow 17 /Library/Fonts Arial Rounded Bold.ttf Arial Rounded MT Bold 18 /Library/Fonts Arial Unicode.ttf Arial Unicode MS 19 /Library/Fonts Arial.ttf Arial 20 /Library/Fonts Athelas.ttc Athelas 21 /Library/Fonts Ayuthaya.ttf Ayuthaya 22 /Library/Fonts Baghdad.ttc Baghdad 23 /Library/Fonts Bangla MN.ttc Bangla MN 24 /Library/Fonts Bangla Sangam MN.ttc Bangla Sangam MN 25 /Library/Fonts Baskerville.ttc Baskerville 26 /Library/Fonts Beirut.ttc Beirut 27 /Library/Fonts BigCaslon.ttf Big Caslon 28 /Library/Fonts Bodoni 72 OS.ttc Bodoni 72 Oldstyle 29 /Library/Fonts Bodoni 72 Smallcaps Book.ttf Bodoni 72 Smallcaps 30 /Library/Fonts Bodoni 72.ttc Bodoni 72 31 /Library/Fonts Bodoni Ornaments.ttf Bodoni Ornaments 32 /Library/Fonts Bradley Hand Bold.ttf Bradley Hand 33 /Library/Fonts Brush Script.ttf Brush Script MT 34 /Library/Fonts Chalkboard.ttc Chalkboard 35 /Library/Fonts ChalkboardSE.ttc Chalkboard SE 36 /Library/Fonts Chalkduster.ttf Chalkduster 37 /Library/Fonts Charter.ttc Charter 38 /Library/Fonts Cochin.ttc Cochin 39 /Library/Fonts Comic Sans MS Bold.ttf Comic Sans MS 40 /Library/Fonts Comic Sans MS.ttf Comic Sans MS 41 /Library/Fonts Copperplate.ttc Copperplate 42 /Library/Fonts Corsiva.ttc Corsiva Hebrew 43 /Library/Fonts Courier New Bold Italic.ttf Courier New 44 /Library/Fonts Courier New Bold.ttf Courier New 45 /Library/Fonts Courier New Italic.ttf Courier New 46 /Library/Fonts Courier New.ttf Courier New 47 /Library/Fonts Damascus.ttc Damascus 48 /Library/Fonts DecoTypeNaskh.ttc DecoType Naskh 49 /Library/Fonts Devanagari Sangam MN.ttc Devanagari Sangam MN 50 /Library/Fonts DevanagariMT.ttc Devanagari MT 51 /Library/Fonts Didot.ttc Didot 52 /Library/Fonts DIN Alternate Bold.ttf DIN Alternate 53 /Library/Fonts DIN Condensed Bold.ttf DIN Condensed 54 /Library/Fonts Diwan Kufi.ttc Diwan Kufi 55 /Library/Fonts Diwan Thuluth.ttf Diwan Thuluth 56 /Library/Fonts EuphemiaCAS.ttc Euphemia UCAS 57 /Library/Fonts Farah.ttc Farah 58 /Library/Fonts Farisi.ttf Farisi 59 /Library/Fonts Futura.ttc Futura 60 /Library/Fonts Georgia Bold Italic.ttf Georgia 61 /Library/Fonts Georgia Bold.ttf Georgia 62 /Library/Fonts Georgia Italic.ttf Georgia 63 /Library/Fonts Georgia.ttf Georgia 64 /Library/Fonts GillSans.ttc Gill Sans 65 /Library/Fonts Gujarati Sangam MN.ttc Gujarati Sangam MN 66 /Library/Fonts GujaratiMT.ttc Gujarati MT 67 /Library/Fonts Gurmukhi MN.ttc Gurmukhi MN 68 /Library/Fonts Gurmukhi Sangam MN.ttc Gurmukhi Sangam MN 69 /Library/Fonts Gurmukhi.ttf Gurmukhi MT 70 /Library/Fonts Herculanum.ttf Herculanum 71 /Library/Fonts Hoefler Text Ornaments.ttf Hoefler Text 72 /Library/Fonts Hoefler Text.ttc Hoefler Text 73 /Library/Fonts Impact.ttf Impact 74 /Library/Fonts InaiMathi-MN.ttc InaiMathi 75 /Library/Fonts Iowan Old Style.ttc Iowan Old Style 76 /Library/Fonts ITFDevanagari.ttc ITF Devanagari 77 /Library/Fonts Kailasa.ttc Kailasa 78 /Library/Fonts Kannada MN.ttc Kannada MN 79 /Library/Fonts Kannada Sangam MN.ttc Kannada Sangam MN 80 /Library/Fonts Kefa.ttc Kefa 81 /Library/Fonts Khmer MN.ttc Khmer MN 82 /Library/Fonts Khmer Sangam MN.ttf Khmer Sangam MN 83 /Library/Fonts Kokonor.ttf Kokonor 84 /Library/Fonts Krungthep.ttf Krungthep 85 /Library/Fonts KufiStandardGK.ttc KufiStandardGK 86 /Library/Fonts Lao MN.ttc Lao MN 87 /Library/Fonts Lao Sangam MN.ttf Lao Sangam MN 88 /Library/Fonts Luminari.ttf Luminari 89 /Library/Fonts Malayalam MN.ttc Malayalam MN 90 /Library/Fonts Malayalam Sangam MN.ttc Malayalam Sangam MN 91 /Library/Fonts Marion.ttc Marion 92 /Library/Fonts Microsoft Sans Serif.ttf Microsoft Sans Serif 93 /Library/Fonts Mishafi Gold.ttf Mishafi Gold 94 /Library/Fonts Mishafi.ttf Mishafi 95 /Library/Fonts Mshtakan.ttc Mshtakan 96 /Library/Fonts Muna.ttc Muna 97 /Library/Fonts Myanmar MN.ttc Myanmar MN 98 /Library/Fonts Myanmar Sangam MN.ttc Myanmar Sangam MN 99 /Library/Fonts Nadeem.ttc Nadeem 100 /Library/Fonts NewPeninimMT.ttc New Peninim MT 101 /Library/Fonts NISC18030.ttf GB18030 Bitmap 102 /Library/Fonts Oriya MN.ttc Oriya MN 103 /Library/Fonts Oriya Sangam MN.ttc Oriya Sangam MN 104 /Library/Fonts Papyrus.ttc Papyrus 105 /Library/Fonts Phosphate.ttc Phosphate 106 /Library/Fonts PlantagenetCherokee.ttf Plantagenet Cherokee 107 /Library/Fonts PTMono.ttc PT Mono 108 /Library/Fonts PTSans.ttc PT Sans 109 /Library/Fonts PTSerif.ttc PT Serif 110 /Library/Fonts PTSerifCaption.ttc PT Serif Caption 111 /Library/Fonts Raanana.ttc Raanana 112 /Library/Fonts Sana.ttc Sana 113 /Library/Fonts Sathu.ttf Sathu 114 /Library/Fonts Savoye LET.ttc Savoye LET 115 /Library/Fonts Seravek.ttc Seravek 116 /Library/Fonts Shree714.ttc Shree Devanagari 714 117 /Library/Fonts SignPainter.ttc SignPainter-HouseScript 118 /Library/Fonts Silom.ttf Silom 119 /Library/Fonts Sinhala MN.ttc Sinhala MN 120 /Library/Fonts Sinhala Sangam MN.ttc Sinhala Sangam MN 121 /Library/Fonts Skia.ttf Skia 122 /Library/Fonts SnellRoundhand.ttc Snell Roundhand 123 /Library/Fonts Songti.ttc Songti SC 124 /Library/Fonts STIXGeneral.otf STIXGeneral 125 /Library/Fonts STIXGeneralBol.otf STIXGeneral 126 /Library/Fonts STIXGeneralBolIta.otf STIXGeneral 127 /Library/Fonts STIXGeneralItalic.otf STIXGeneral 128 /Library/Fonts STIXIntDBol.otf STIXIntegralsD 129 /Library/Fonts STIXIntDReg.otf STIXIntegralsD 130 /Library/Fonts STIXIntSmBol.otf STIXIntegralsSm 131 /Library/Fonts STIXIntSmReg.otf STIXIntegralsSm 132 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpBol.otf STIXIntegralsUp 133 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpDBol.otf STIXIntegralsUpD 134 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpDReg.otf STIXIntegralsUpD 135 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpReg.otf STIXIntegralsUp 136 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpSmBol.otf STIXIntegralsUpSm 137 /Library/Fonts STIXIntUpSmReg.otf STIXIntegralsUpSm 138 /Library/Fonts STIXNonUni.otf STIXNonUnicode 139 /Library/Fonts STIXNonUniBol.otf STIXNonUnicode 140 /Library/Fonts STIXNonUniBolIta.otf STIXNonUnicode 141 /Library/Fonts STIXNonUniIta.otf STIXNonUnicode 142 /Library/Fonts STIXSizFiveSymReg.otf STIXSizeFiveSym 143 /Library/Fonts STIXSizFourSymBol.otf STIXSizeFourSym 144 /Library/Fonts STIXSizFourSymReg.otf STIXSizeFourSym 145 /Library/Fonts STIXSizOneSymBol.otf STIXSizeOneSym 146 /Library/Fonts STIXSizOneSymReg.otf STIXSizeOneSym 147 /Library/Fonts STIXSizThreeSymBol.otf STIXSizeThreeSym 148 /Library/Fonts STIXSizThreeSymReg.otf STIXSizeThreeSym 149 /Library/Fonts STIXSizTwoSymBol.otf STIXSizeTwoSym 150 /Library/Fonts STIXSizTwoSymReg.otf STIXSizeTwoSym 151 /Library/Fonts STIXVar.otf STIXVariants 152 /Library/Fonts STIXVarBol.otf STIXVariants 153 /Library/Fonts SukhumvitSet.ttc Sukhumvit Set 154 /Library/Fonts SuperClarendon.ttc Superclarendon 155 /Library/Fonts Tahoma Bold.ttf Tahoma 156 /Library/Fonts Tahoma.ttf Tahoma 157 /Library/Fonts Tamil MN.ttc Tamil MN 158 /Library/Fonts Tamil Sangam MN.ttc Tamil Sangam MN 159 /Library/Fonts TeamViewer13.otf TeamViewer13 160 /Library/Fonts Telugu MN.ttc Telugu MN 161 /Library/Fonts Telugu Sangam MN.ttc Telugu Sangam MN 162 /Library/Fonts Times New Roman Bold Italic.ttf Times New Roman 163 /Library/Fonts Times New Roman Bold.ttf Times New Roman 164 /Library/Fonts Times New Roman Italic.ttf Times New Roman 165 /Library/Fonts Times New Roman.ttf Times New Roman 166 /Library/Fonts Trattatello.ttf Trattatello face version ps_name 1 Regular 13.0d2e2 AlNile 2 Regular 13.0d2e1 AlTarikh 3 Plain 13.0d1e6 AlBayan 4 Regular 13.0d1e4 AmericanTypewriter 5 Regular Version 2.00x AndaleMono 6 Chancery 13.0d1e4 Apple-Chancery 7 Regular 13.0d1e3 AppleGothic 8 Regular 13.0d1e6 AppleMyungjo 9 Regular Version 5.00.1x Arial-Black 10 Bold Italic Version 5.00.2x Arial-BoldItalicMT 11 Bold Version 5.01.2x Arial-BoldMT 12 Italic Version 5.00.2x Arial-ItalicMT 13 Bold Italic Version 2.38.1x ArialNarrow-BoldItalic 14 Bold Version 2.38.1x ArialNarrow-Bold 15 Italic Version 2.38.1x ArialNarrow-Italic 16 Regular Version 2.38.1x ArialNarrow 17 Regular Version 1.51x ArialRoundedMTBold 18 Regular Version 1.01x ArialUnicodeMS 19 Regular Version 5.01.2x ArialMT 20 Regular 13.0d1e3 Athelas-Regular 21 Regular 13.0d1e7 Ayuthaya 22 Regular 13.0d1e5 Baghdad 23 Regular 13.0d1e5 BanglaMN 24 Regular 13.0d1e5 BanglaSangamMN 25 Regular 13.0d1e10 Baskerville 26 Regular 13.0d1e6 Beirut 27 Medium 13.0d1e11 BigCaslon-Medium 28 Book 13.0d2e1 BodoniSvtyTwoOSITCTT-Book 29 Book 13.0d2e1 BodoniSvtyTwoSCITCTT-Book 30 Book 13.0d2e1 BodoniSvtyTwoITCTT-Book 31 Regular 13.0d2e1 BodoniOrnamentsITCTT 32 Bold 13.0d1e2 BradleyHandITCTT-Bold 33 Italic Version 1.52x-1 BrushScriptMT 34 Regular 13.0d1e2 Chalkboard 35 Light 13.0d1e2 ChalkboardSE-Light 36 Regular 13.0d2e1 Chalkduster 37 Roman 13.0d1e3 Charter-Roman 38 Regular 13.0d2e1 Cochin 39 Bold Version 5.00x ComicSansMS-Bold 40 Regular Version 5.00x ComicSansMS 41 Regular 13.0d1e2 Copperplate 42 Regular 13.0d1e4 CorsivaHebrew 43 Bold Italic Version 5.00x CourierNewPS-BoldItalicMT 44 Bold Version 5.00.2x CourierNewPS-BoldMT 45 Italic Version 5.00.1x CourierNewPS-ItalicMT 46 Regular Version 5.00.2x CourierNewPSMT 47 Regular 13.0d3e9 Damascus 48 Regular 13.0d1e4 DecoTypeNaskh 49 Regular 13.0d1e2 DevanagariSangamMN 50 Regular 13.0d1e3 DevanagariMT 51 Regular 13.0d1e3 Didot 52 Bold 13.0d1e2 DINAlternate-Bold 53 Bold 13.2d1e1 DINCondensed-Bold 54 Regular 13.0d2e1 DiwanKufi 55 Regular 13.0d1e5 DiwanThuluth 56 Regular 13.0d1e2 EuphemiaUCAS 57 Regular 13.0d2e3 Farah 58 Regular 13.0d1e3 Farisi 59 Medium 13.0d1e3 Futura-Medium 60 Bold Italic Version 5.00x-4 Georgia-BoldItalic 61 Bold Version 5.00x-4 Georgia-Bold 62 Italic Version 5.00x-4 Georgia-Italic 63 Regular Version 5.00x-4 Georgia 64 Regular 13.0d1e4 GillSans 65 Regular 13.0d2e1 GujaratiSangamMN 66 Regular 13.0d1e2 GujaratiMT 67 Regular 13.0d2e1 GurmukhiMN 68 Regular 13.0d1e3 GurmukhiSangamMN 69 Regular 13.0d1e4 MonotypeGurmukhi 70 Regular 13.0d1e2 Herculanum 71 Ornaments 13.0d2e20 HoeflerText-Ornaments 72 Regular 13.0d2e20 HoeflerText-Regular 73 Regular Version 5.00x Impact 74 Regular 13.0d1e5 InaiMathi 75 Roman 13.0d1e4 IowanOldStyle-Roman 76 Book 13.0d3e1 ITFDevanagari-Book 77 Regular 13.0d1e3 Kailasa 78 Regular 13.0d2e1 KannadaMN 79 Regular 13.0d2e1 KannadaSangamMN 80 Regular 13.0d1e3 Kefa-Regular 81 Regular 13.0d1e3 KhmerMN 82 Regular 13.0d1e4 KhmerSangamMN 83 Regular 13.0d1e3 Kokonor 84 Regular 13.0d2e1 Krungthep 85 Regular 13.0d1e11 KufiStandardGK 86 Regular 13.0d1e5 LaoMN 87 Regular 13.0d1e3 LaoSangamMN 88 Regular 13.0d1e2 Luminari-Regular 89 Regular 13.0d4e1 MalayalamMN 90 Regular 13.0d4e1 MalayalamSangamMN 91 Regular 13.0d1e2 Marion-Regular 92 Regular Version 5.00.1x MicrosoftSansSerif 93 Regular 13.0d2e1 DiwanMishafiGold 94 Regular 13.0d2e1 DiwanMishafi 95 Regular 13.0d1e3 Mshtakan 96 Regular 13.0d1e4 Muna 97 Regular 13.0d1e2 MyanmarMN 98 Regular 13.0d1e2 MyanmarSangamMN 99 Regular 13.0d1e3 Nadeem 100 Regular 13.0d1e4 NewPeninimMT 101 Regular 13.0d1e1 GB18030Bitmap 102 Regular 13.0d3e1 OriyaMN 103 Regular 13.0d3e1 OriyaSangamMN 104 Condensed 13.0d1e2 Papyrus-Condensed 105 Inline 13.0d1e2 Phosphate-Inline 106 Regular 13.0d1e3 PlantagenetCherokee 107 Bold 13.0d2e4 PTMono-Bold 108 Regular 13.0d3e2 PTSans-Regular 109 Regular 13.0d2e1 PTSerif-Regular 110 Regular 13.0d2e1 PTSerif-Caption 111 Regular 13.0d1e3 Raanana 112 Regular 13.0d1e4 Sana 113 Regular 13.0d1e2 Sathu 114 Plain 13.0d2e4 SavoyeLetPlain 115 Regular 13.0d3e2 Seravek 116 Regular 13.0d2e1 ShreeDev0714 117 Regular 13.0d1e5 SignPainter-HouseScript 118 Regular 13.0d2e1 Silom 119 Regular 13.0d1e2 SinhalaMN 120 Regular 13.0d1e2 SinhalaSangamMN 121 Regular 13.0d1e54 Skia-Regular 122 Regular 13.0d1e1 SnellRoundhand 123 Black 13.0d3e2 STSongti-SC-Black 124 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXGeneral-Regular 125 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXGeneral-Bold 126 Bold Italic Version 1.1.0 STIXGeneral-BoldItalic 127 Italic Version 1.1.0 STIXGeneral-Italic 128 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsD-Bold 129 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsD-Regular 130 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsSm-Bold 131 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsSm-Regular 132 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUp-Bold 133 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUpD-Bold 134 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUpD-Regular 135 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUp-Regular 136 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUpSm-Bold 137 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXIntegralsUpSm-Regular 138 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXNonUnicode-Regular 139 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXNonUnicode-Bold 140 Bold Italic Version 1.1.0 STIXNonUnicode-BoldItalic 141 Italic Version 1.1.0 STIXNonUnicode-Italic 142 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeFiveSym-Regular 143 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeFourSym-Bold 144 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeFourSym-Regular 145 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeOneSym-Bold 146 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeOneSym-Regular 147 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeThreeSym-Bold 148 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeThreeSym-Regular 149 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeTwoSym-Bold 150 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXSizeTwoSym-Regular 151 Regular Version 1.1.0 STIXVariants-Regular 152 Bold Version 1.1.0 STIXVariants-Bold 153 Thin 13.0d1e6 SukhumvitSet-Thin 154 Regular 13.0d1e4 Superclarendon-Regular 155 Bold Version 5.01.1x Tahoma-Bold 156 Regular Version 5.01.2x Tahoma 157 Regular 13.0d2e1 TamilMN 158 Regular 13.0d2e14 TamilSangamMN 159 Medium Version 013.10 TeamViewer13 160 Regular 13.0d1e3 TeluguMN 161 Regular 13.0d1e5 TeluguSangamMN 162 Bold Italic Version 5.00.3x TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT 163 Bold Version 5.01.3x TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT 164 Italic Version 5.00.3x TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT 165 Regular Version 5.01.3x TimesNewRomanPSMT 166 Regular 13.0d2e2 Trattatello [ reached 'max' / getOption("max.print") -- omitted 14 rows ]quartz(family = "STXihei") #选择中文显示的字体格式STXihei>ggplot(data=mydata1,aes(City,Age))+geom_bar(stat="identity",width=0.8,colour="black",size=0.25,fill="red",alpha=1) #若想使得ggplot绘制的图片中的中文能够显示一定要先运行quartz()，否则无法实现效果。

高级方法

install.packages("Cairo")

#安装Cairo，一定要在网络流畅的情况下安装，否则很容易失败，错误情况查看往期文章的文末“疫”外收获-nCov2019全球疫情之南丁格尔玫瑰图。

library(Cairo)#加载CairoCairoPDF("char_1.pdf") #pdf图片保存的文件名称，除了pdf格式外，还可以保存png，jpeg。ggplot(data=mydata1,aes(City,Age))+geom_bar(stat="identity",width=0.8,colour="black",size=0.25,fill="pink",alpha=1) #开始绘图之间一定要设置pdf保存文件，否则图片中仍然无法显示中文。dev.off() #这一步很重要，不可省略，否则char_1.pdf文件打开是空白的，文件大小为0。

小结

showtext：在许多情况下，特别是对于PDF设备,在R图中使用非标准字体不是一件容易的事情.

showtext使得在R图中使用各种类型的字体(TrueType、OpenType、Type 1、web字体等)变得更加容易。

quartz((): 对于Windows，在图形窗口中选择“文件”→“另存为”，然后在弹出的对话框中选择想要的格式和保存位置即可。在Mac上，当Quartz图形窗口处于高亮状态时，点选菜单栏中的“文件”→“另存为”即可。其提供的输出格式仅有PDF,若要转换为jpeg或者png，需要打开pdf后再另存时修改格式。在UNIX系统中，图形必须使用代码来保存，不是很推荐使用。

Cairo():可以生成高质量的PNG、JPEG、TIFF位图文件、高分辨率的PDF文件以及嵌入的字体、SVG图形和PostScript文件,提供了X11和Windows交互式图形设备。CairoX11、CairoPNG、CairoPDF、CairoPS和CairoSVG都是Cairo的便利包装器，推荐使用。

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