besides, but, except, except for, but for的用法及区别 |
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besides, but, except, except for, but for的用法及区别
2023-01-04 14:59:00来源:网络
一、besides的用法 besides 表示一种累加关系,意思是“除了什么之外,还有……”。如: Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外,玛丽还懂日语。 There were other sports besides soccer. 除了足球还有其他的运动。 Who’s prepared to work overtime besides me? 除我之外还有谁愿意加班? 但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如: I care for nothing besides this. 除此之外,我什么也不要。 No one writes to me besides you. 除你之外,没有人给我写信。 另外,besides 后除接名词或代词外,还可接动名词或名词性从句。如: Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外,他还是位诗人。 Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden. 除了做饭之外我还得管园子。 I know nothing besides what I have told you. 除了我已对你说的之外,其他的我别无所知。 二、but 与 except的用法 1. but 和 except 均可表示“除……外不再有……”,但两者在含义上有细微差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较: All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。 All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。 2. 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后: ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 ③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 ④ all, none 等 ⑤ who, what, where 等 请看以下典型例句: Everyone was there but him. 除他之外,大家都在。 I have told this to no one but you. 除你之外,这事我没告诉任何人。 You can come any day but Friday. 除了星期五之外,你哪天来都行。 I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。 一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较: 正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。 误:The window is never opened but in summer. 3. but 通常不能置于句首,而 except 一般不能置于句首。如: 除我之外每个人都累了。 正:Everyone is tired but (except) me. 正:Everyone but (except) me is tired. 误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired. 但是,except for 可以用于句首,与 except 意思相同。如: Except for me, everyone is tired. 除我之外每个人都累了。 Except for her, everyone came. 除她外,大家都来了。 Except for Jim, everyone went there. 除吉姆外,大家都去了。
三、except 与 except for的用法 except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后作细节上的修正,有时含有惋惜之意。如: She eats everything except fish. 她什么都吃,但不包括鱼。 Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬。 He works every day, except Saturday and Sunday. 除了星期六和星期日之外,他每天都工作。 We had a pleasant time, except for the weather. 我们玩得很高兴,只是天气不太好。 It’s a nice pub, except for the landlord. 酒店挺不错,可是那店主却不怎么样。 当用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole等表示概括性的词语后面时,两者可互换。如: You couldn’t hear anything except (for) the noise of Louise typing. 除了路易丝打字的声音外,你什么也听不到。 但是下面一句要用except for,因为其前没有上面提到的概括性的词语: The house was quiet except for the noise of Louise typing. 除了路易丝打字的声音外,房里安安静静的。 注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。 四、except for 与 but for: except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如: Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。 But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。 But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。 传统语法认为,except for不用于引导虚拟语气,但在现代英语中也可以这样用。如: Except for John, they would all have died. 要不是因为约翰,他们就都会死了。 She would have left her husband years ago except for the children. 要不是为了孩子,她几年前就离开她丈夫了。 You’d have a good view of the sea from here except for the block of flats in between. 要不是隔着这座公寓大楼,大海的景色就可以从这里一览无遗。 五、一点补充 besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如: I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。 This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。
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