RCR新文：利用有机酸浸出剂回收废旧锂电池中锂和钴的研究综述

原文摘要

环境制约和经济效益迫使各国推广废旧锂电池等二次资源的回收利用，以替代一次资源的使用。尽管在工业中回收利用的相关技术取得了一定进展，但这些技术大多效率低下且不是环境友好。为减少锂电池回收过程的环境足迹，产业界已经做出多方努力。其中一个主要的发展领域是有机酸的使用，有机酸被认为是从废旧锂电池中浸出贵重金属的极具前景的试剂。这篇文章概述了使用有机酸回收废旧锂电池技术的最新进展。文章讨论了绿色工艺的必要性和有机酸在循环利用废旧锂电池中的优势。为了充分了解这些试剂，文章还介绍了被用来从废旧锂电池中回收金属的有机酸的生产、起源、应用以及结构。文章总结了使用有机酸作为试剂的回收方法，使用的优缺点，以及这些试剂可能形成的络合物。最后，文章综述了不同还原剂的发展、超声搅拌、以及循环利用废旧锂电池绿色工艺的进展和发展前景。

图1 锂电池的形状和组成

图2 回收废旧锂电池的湿法工艺流程图

Abstract

Environmental restrictions and economic benefits have obliged countries to promote recycling processes from secondary resources like spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) instead of using primary ones. In spite of the developments have been made on industrial scale for the technologies involved in recycling processes, most of these technologies suffer from lack of efficiency and echo-friendliness. To reduce the footprints of the recycling processes, several efforts are made. A major development area is the use of organic acids which are considered as promising agents for leaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs. In this review paper, we provided an overview of the recent status of the recycling technologies of spent LIBs using organic acids. For this purpose, necessity of green processes and advantage of organic acids in recycling of spent LIBs is discussed. To fully understand the effect of these agents, production, origin, application, and structure of organic acids that have been used in recovery of metals from spent LIBs are also addressed. Afterwards, recycling processes using organic acids, and benefits and drawbacks of using them are summarized and possible complexes formed by these agents are proposed. Eventually, development of different reducing agents, ultrasonic agitation, and evolution and future prospect of green processes in recycling of spent LIBs is reviewed.

本期编辑：陈伍，南丹麦大学博士生

研究方向：可持续交通系统中能源材料耦合关系

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