linux关闭系统的五个命令及用法

2024-01-22 09:31| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

linux关闭系统是有序终止所有进程，断电前执行重要的内务整理工作，以下五个命令可以完成这项工作： halt reboot poweroff shutdow init

reboot reboot [OPTIONS...] [ARG] Reboot the system. --help Show this help --halt Halt the machine -p --poweroff Switch off the machine --reboot Reboot the machine -f --force Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record -d --no-wtmp Don't write wtmp record --no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot reboot -p #调用 halt 或 poweroff 命令，切断设备电源。 reboot -d #仅重启，不写/var/log/wtmp记录 poweroff poweroff [OPTIONS...] Power off the system. --help Show this help --halt Halt the machine -p --poweroff Switch off the machine --reboot Reboot the machine -f --force Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record -d --no-wtmp Don't write wtmp record --no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot

例如：

poweroff -w #不关闭主机，仅在/var/log/wtmp中写入记录 poweroff -f #强制关机 poweroff -d #仅关机，不写/var/log/wtmp记录 shutdown shutdown [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...] Shut down the system. --help Show this help -H --halt Halt the machine -P --poweroff Power-off the machine -r --reboot Reboot the machine -h Equivalent to --poweroff, overridden by --halt -k Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings --no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot -c Cancel a pending shutdown

例如：

shutdown -r -t 10 #10s后重启系统 shutdown -c #取消之前的showdown操作 shutdown -h now #立即关机 shutdown -h 17:30 #停止系统的服务，在17：30关机 [root@09385 ~]# shutdown -k 10:00 #通知在线用户10:00将要关机 Shutdown scheduled for 日 2022-08-07 10:00:00 CST, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel. halt halt [OPTIONS...] Halt the system. --help Show this help --halt Halt the machine -p --poweroff Switch off the machine --reboot Reboot the machine -f --force Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record -d --no-wtmp Don't write wtmp record --no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot

注：halt用法参照poweroff或reboot用法

init

#init 0 - 停机（千万不能把initdefault 设置为0 ）

#init 1 - 单用户模式，只root用户进行维护

#init 2 - 多用户，不能使用NFS(Net File System) 不联网

#init 3 - 完全多用户模式(标准的运行级)

#init 4 - 安全模式

#init 5 - X11 （xwindow) 图形化界面模式

#init 6 - 重新启动（千万不要把initdefault 设置为6 ）

wtmp文件内容查看

在介绍前面的命令时，提到关闭系统操作会不会记录在/var/log/wtmp中（wtmp中还会记录用户登录也操作），wtmp是二进制文件，目的是防止人为恶意篡改，那么如果查看这个文件中的内容呢，使用last命令看查看其中的记录

[root@09385 ~]# last --help last: invalid option -- '-' Usage: last [-num | -n num] [-f file] [-t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS] [-R] [-adioxFw] [username..] [tty..]

例如：

[root@09385 ~]# last root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:42 still logged in root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:42 still logged in root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:25 - 21:35 (00:10) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:25 - 21:35 (00:10) reboot system boot 5.10.0-202204291 Sun Aug 7 05:05 - 21:42 (-7:-23) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 20:59 - crash (08:06) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 20:59 - crash (08:06) reboot system boot 5.10.0-202204291 Sun Aug 7 01:15 - 21:42 (-3:-33) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 17:13 - down (00:00) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 17:13 - down (00:00) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Fri Aug 5 14:15 - 14:25 (00:10) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Fri Aug 5 14:15 - 14:25 (00:10) root pts/1 172.17.85.72 Fri Aug 5 13:39 - 13:44 (00:04) root pts/0 172.17.85.72 Fri Aug 5 13:39 - 13:44 (00:04) [root@09385 ~]#last root root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:42 still logged in root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:42 still logged in root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:25 - 21:35 (00:10) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 21:25 - 21:35 (00:10) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 20:59 - crash (08:06) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 20:59 - crash (08:06) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 17:13 - down (00:00) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Sat Aug 6 17:13 - down (00:00) root pts/1 172.17.84.169 Fri Aug 5 14:15 - 14:25 (00:10) root pts/0 172.17.84.169 Fri Aug 5 14:15 - 14:25 (00:10) root pts/1 172.17.85.72 Fri Aug 5 13:39 - 13:44 (00:04) root pts/0 172.17.85.72 Fri Aug 5 13:39 - 13:44 (00:04) 如果你不想这些记录被别人查到怎么整？

清空登录记录

echo 1 >/var/log/wtmp

清空操作记录

history -c

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