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会计英语:常用术语

2023-06-16 04:04| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

       1.account n..账,账目 a/c;账户   e.g.T-account: T型账户;account payable应付账款 receivable 应收账款);

  2.Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提   1)accounting entity 会计主体;entity 实体,主体   2)going concern 持续经营   3)accounting period 会计分期   financial year/ fiscal year 会计年度(financial adj.财务的,金融的; fiscal adj.财政的)   4)money measurement货币计量

*权责发生制accrual basis.   accrual n.本身是应计未付的意思,   accrue v.应计未付,应计未收,   e.g.accrued liabilities,应计未付负债

  3.Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求   (1)可靠性reliability   (2)相关性 relevance   (3)可理解性 understandability   (4)可比性comparability   (5)实质重于形式 substance over form   (6)重要性 materiality   (7)谨慎性 prudence   (8)及时性 timeliness 

  4.Elements of accounting会计要素   1)Assets: 资产   – current assets 流动资产   cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物 (bank deposit)   inventory存货  receivable应收账款  prepaid expense 预付费用   – non-current assets 固定资产   property (land and building) 不动产, plant 厂房, equipment 设备 (PPE)   e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000.   2)Liabilities: 负债   funds provided by the creditors. creditor债权人,赊销方   – current liabilities 当期负债   non-current liabilities 长期负债   total liabilities   account payable应付账款 loan贷款 advance from customers 预收款   bond债券(由政府发行, government bond /treasury bond政府债券,国库券)   debenture债券 (由有限公司发行)   3)Owners’ equity: 所有者权益 (Net assets)   funds provided by the investors. Investor 投资者   – paid in capital (contributed capital) 实收资本   – shares /capital stock (u.s.) 股票   retained earnings 留存收益   同时记住几个单词dividend 分红   beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings   – reserve 储备金 (资产重估储备金,股票溢价账户)   e.g.The company offered/issued 10,000 shares at the price of US$2.30 each.   4)Revenue: 收入   sales revenue销售收入 interest revenue利息收入 rent revenue租金收入   5)Expense: 费用   cost of sales销售成本, wages expense工资费用   6)Profit (income, gain):利润 net profit, net income 

  5.Financial statement 财务报表   1)balance sheet 资产负债表   2)income statement 利润表   3)statement of retained earnings 所有者权益变动表   4)cash flow statement 现金流量表

  6.Accounting cycle   1)journal entries 日记账    general journal 总日记账   general ledger 总分类账     trial balance试算平衡表   adjusting entries  调整分录   adjusted trial balance调整后的 试算平衡表   Financial statements 财务报表   closing entry 完结分录   2)Dr.—Debit 借 Cr.—Credit 贷   Double-entry system 复式记账

  7.Exercise 练习   1)purchases of inventory in cash for RMB¥3,000 现金人民币3,000元购买存货   Dr.inventory 3,000            借:存货 3,000     Cr.cash 3,000               贷:现金 3,000   2)sales on account of US$10,000     赊销方式销售,收入10,000美元   Dr.account receivable 10,000       借:应收账款 10,000     Cr.sales revenue 10,000          贷:销售收入 10,000   3)paid RMB¥50,000 in salaries & wages 支付工资人民币50,000元   Dr.wages & salaries expense 50,000   借:职工薪酬 50,000     Cr.bank deposit 50,000          贷:银行存款 50,000   4)cash sale of US$1,180 销售收入现金1,180美元   Dr.cash 1,180               借:现金 1,180     Cr.sales revenue 1,180          贷:销售收入1,180   5)pre-paid insurance for US$12,000 预付保险费12,000美元   Dr.prepaid insurance 12,000       借:预付保险 12,000     Cr.bank deposit 12,000          贷:银行存款 12,000



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