虚拟语气 & 独立主格结构 常见用法总结笔记

虚拟语气

1.与事实相反

2.期望，意愿，建议，命令，要求

e.g. recommend that sb （should） do

3.情态动词modal. + have + done表示对过去已发生行为的推测

may/might have done 也许已经（不能用于疑问句）

needn't have done 做了本来不必做的事

can/could have done 否定句和疑问句中表示对过去行为的怀疑、不确定；肯定句中表示本来可以

will have done 表示将来完成时或对已完成的动作的推测

must have done 想必，一定做了（用于肯定句，表推测）

should/ought to have done 肯定句中表示本该做而没做，否定句中表示不该做反而做了

4.if引导条件状语从句

现在 --> 一般过去时 did/were...， would do...

过去 --> 过去完成时 had done...， would have done

将来 --> 过去将来时 should do/were to do...， would do

虚拟语气中if可省略倒装

过去：If you had arrived earlier，you could have seen him. = Had you arrived earlier，you could have seen him.

现在：If I were you，I would do... = Were I you，I would do...

将来：If you should...， you would do... = Should you do...， you would do...

5.wish用法较特殊，类似条件状语从句（将来时表示不大可能实现的愿望）

wish ... did（现在）/were（现在）/had done（过去）/would do（将来）/could do（将来）

6.It is time that + 主语从句 虚拟语气（表个人态度的名词性从句）

我认为早就该做或本该做而没做

e.g.It's time that you got up.你早该起床了（表明对你现在迟迟不起床的态度）

e.g.It was time that he had set out on time.他当时本该按时出发的。

time可用high，due，right修饰，强调正是该做的时候，或用about修饰表示差不多该做的时候

7.类似的特殊名词性从句还有had better，would rather

e.g.You had better that went out for a walk.你要是去散步该多好。

e.g.We would rather that he had stayed at home yesterday.我们宁肯他昨天待在家里，那该多好。

独立主格结构

（Absolute Construction）

n./pron. + n./doing/Infinitives（不定式）/past participle（过去分词）/adj./adv./prep短语

这个结构本不能单独成句，在句中做状语表时间、状态、条件等

1.+ Infinitives 表将来

e.g.There are the first two books，the third one to come out next month.

2.+ doing 表主动

e.g.The man lay there，his hands trembling.

3.+ present participle 表被动

4.+ adj. 表说明

e.g.The floor wet and slippery，we would have to wait for a moment.

5.+ adv. 表状态

e.g.He sat at the table，head down.

6.+ n.表同位语

e.g.He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.

7.+ prep.短语

e.g. He came in，a book under his arm.

8.With的复合结构

e.g.She came into the bus with a baby around her arms.

9.There be --> There being

10.人称代词、冠词等修饰词需去掉

e.g.Weather permitting，we shall go there.