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Green sustainable biocomposites: Substitute to plastics with innovative fungal mycelium based biomaterial
The huge macroscopic biomass matrix known as mycelium is made up of an interconnected, self-expanding web of elongated cells. By decomposing and recycling a variety of biomass sources in both marine and terrestrial habitats, these heterotrophic organisms carry out important ecological activities in nature. The creation of a workable solution to environmentally friendly product alternatives will benefit from the utilisation of fungal mycelium as a major resource. These materials are all biocompatible and biodegradable, having qualities such as high stability, flexibility, tunability, hydrophobicity, non-flammability, porosity, insulating, fast-growing, self-repairing, self-organizing, and self-healing. They also have effective antibacterial, antioxidant, and skin brightening properties. Fungi is utilised in the textile industry, packaging, medicine, cosmetics, as an isolation factor, and the vehicle industry to create sustainable goods. The biosciences area is focusing on using mycelium in biomaterial synthesis and environmental remediation to produce a sustainable and safe solution for key global challenges. The research gathers and emphasises significant innovations in the creation and use of mycelium materials. In this work, we gathered information on the makeup of myco-materials and ways to overcome present constraints in biomaterial synthesis. We have also covered the advanced uses of mycelium-based composites, along with the properties of mycelium and its composites, their culture and synthesis methods, growth factors, and information on how their production can be scaled up. It provides perception into probable avenues for mycelium material development going forward as well as development towards new, creative applications.
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