常用骨科专业英语词汇

骨科：Orthopedic所研究的内容算得上是我们人体的钢筋混凝土结构啦。除了骨头(bones)，还包关节(joints/articulation)、肌肉(muscles)、肌腱(tendons：binds muscle to bone)、韧带(ligaments：binds bone to other bone)等软组织。Ortho=“straight/correct”正，矫正; pedi=“small children”小盆友，如paediatric儿科。Orthopedists这个专科最早是专门给儿童骨骼正畸的医生，演变到现代医学中，其对象就扩展到各个年龄段的有骨骼肌肉及其器附属结构相关问题的患者啦。ortho这个词根在医学里还有其它用途⬇️

ortho-

Orthopnea:端坐呼吸

ortho-=upright（正/端坐）、-pnea 呼吸（apnea窒息）

Orthodontist：牙齿正畸

correction of deformed, crooked, or maloccluded  teeth.

鉴别：

periodontist：牙周病医师（牙周病）

dentist牙医 （龋齿）

oral and maxillofacial surgeons：颅颌面整形医师（唇腭裂）

骨骼bone的希腊词汇为osteon，也就是我们的词根osteo-的来源。赶紧来看看我们骨科的手术词表吧，内容相当丰富。

（感谢北京协和医院麻醉科王瑾医编辑提供手术词表）

下面是由小编总结的常用骨科专业英语词汇，希望对各位阅读英文文献有所帮助。

1、概论

INTRODUCTION

fracture  n.骨折pathological fracture 病理骨折fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折open fracture 开放骨折close fracture 闭合骨折comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compressed fracture 压缩骨折shock  n.休克deformity  n.畸形tenderness  n.压痛swelling  n.肿胀ecchymosis  n.瘀斑obstacle  n.功能障碍bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征infection  n.感染spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤surrounding nerve 周围神经fat embolism 脂肪栓塞bedsore  n.褥疮arthroclisis  n.关节僵硬ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎hematoma  n.血肿callus  n.骨痂heal  n.愈合synovitis  n.滑膜炎ligament  n.韧带tendon  n.肌腱pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎reduction  n.复位bone traction 骨牵引osteoporosis  n.骨质疏松

2、上肢骨骨折概论

FRACTURE OF UPPER EXTREMITIES

shoulder pains 颈肩痛

clavicle  n.锁骨humerus  n.肱骨rotation  n.旋转supracondyle  n.髁上blister  n.水疱pulsate  n.搏动thrombus  n.血栓cancellous  n.松质骨epiphysis  n.骨骺injury  n.损伤joint  n.关节stability  n.稳定ulna  n.尺骨radius  n.桡骨metacarpal bone 掌骨bone graft 植骨hemostasis 止血periosteum  n.骨膜tension  n.张力adhesion  n.粘连skin grafting 植皮arthrodesis  n.关节融合extrusion  n.挤压gangrene  n.坏疽pallor  n.苍白、灰白amputation  n.截肢plaster  n.石膏paralysis  n.瘫痪bandage  n.绷带

3、手外伤

HAND TRAUMA

avulsion  n.撕脱dislocation  n.脱位stiff  adj.僵硬

4、下肢骨折与关节损伤

FRACTURE OFLOWER EXTREMITIES AND ARTICULAR INJURY

femur  n.股骨adduction  n.内收separate  v.分离cartilage  n.软骨synovialis  n.滑膜spinal column 脊柱

5、脊柱及骨盆骨折

FRACTURE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIS

column  n.椎体cervical column 颈椎lumber vertebra 腰椎sacrum  n.骶椎sense  n.感觉movement  n.运动reflect  v.反射pelvis  n.骨盆stenosed column 椎管狭窄

6、关节脱位

ARTICULAR DISLOCATION

congenital dislocation 先天性脱位pathological dislocation 病理性脱位osteoarthritis  n.骨关节炎total hip replacement 全髋置换术

7、运动系统慢性损伤

CHRONIC STRAIN OF MOVEMENT SYSTEM

strain  n.劳损cystis  n.滑囊stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎ganglion  n.腱鞘囊肿degenerative  adj.退行性变multiply  v.增生abnormal sense 感觉异常

8、骨与关节化脓感染

OSTEOARTICULAR PURULENT LNFECTION

channel  n.窦道

drill hole 钻孔drainage  n.引流

9、骨与关节结核

OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSIS

bone tuberculosis 骨结核

spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫

10、骨肿瘤

BONE TUMOR

bone tumor 骨肿瘤osteochondroma  n.骨软骨瘤osteosarcoma  n.骨肉瘤chemotherapy  n.化疗synoviosarcoma  n.滑膜肉瘤

人体解剖学 Human Anatomy

之运动系统 Locomotor system

1、中轴骨

Axial Bones

bone  n.骨vertebrae  n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum  n.骶骨coccyx  尾骨atlas  n.寰椎axis  n.枢椎*sternum  n.胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突rib  n.肋thoracic cage 胸廓

2、颅

SKULL

skull  n.颅frontal bone 额骨parietal bone 顶骨occipital bone 枕骨temporal bone 颞骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 筛骨mandible  n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer  n.犁骨maxilla  n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲zygomatic bone 颧骨coronal suture冠状缝sagital suture 矢状缝 lambdoid suture 人字缝orbit  n.眶cranial fontanelle 颅囟

3、附肢骨

TARSAL BONES ANDEXTREMITAL BONES

clavicle  n.锁骨scapula  n.肩胛骨humerus  n.肱骨radius  n.桡骨ulna  n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges  n.指骨，趾骨hip bone 髋骨ilium n.髂骨ischium  n.坐骨pubis  n.耻骨femur  n.股骨patella  n.髌骨tibia  n.胫骨fibula  n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨

4、关节学

ARTHROLOGY

articulation  n.关节ligament  n.韧带flexion  n.屈extension  n.伸adduction  n.收medial rotation 旋内lateral rotation 旋外pronation  n旋前.supination  n.旋后circumduction  n.环转vertebral column脊柱thoracic cage 胸廓intervertebral disc 椎间盘temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节pelvis  n.骨盆hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节

5、肌肉系统

MUSCULATURE

（1）肌学系统INTRODUCTION OF MUSCULATURE

muscle  n.肌肉muscle belly 肌腹tendon  n.肌腱aponeurosis  n.腱膜fascia  n.筋膜tendinous sheath 腱鞘

（2）躯干肌TRUNK MUSCLES

trapezius  n.斜方肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌erector spinae 竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid  adj.胸锁乳突的scalenus  n.斜角肌pectoralis major 胸大肌intercostales  n.肋间肌diaphragm  n.膈（肌）inguinal canal 腹股沟管sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘

（3）头肌 HEAD MUSCLES

orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌masseter   n.咬肌temporalis  n.颞肌deltoid  n.三角肌biceps brachii 肱二头肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌axillary fossa 腋窝（4）附肢肌 MUSCLES ATTACHED TOEXTREMITTES

gluteus maximus 臀大肌piriformis  n.梨状肌sartorius  n.缝匠肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌femoral triangle 股三角popliteal fossa 腘窝