考研英语作文写作该如何复习和积累？

首先，平时就要多的了解相关话题，比如：疫情相关、女性相关、贫困、教育、老龄化、互联网、航天、气候变化、环境保护、创新创业、改革、粮食安全等等，这些都是这两年的热点话题，一定要熟悉。

再就是，要多的积累地道表达，写作也是一点一点积累的，多精读外刊文章，练习时也可以做回译练习，看看自己翻译的和原文有多大区别。

接下来，要学会从不同的角度、多个点去剖析相关问题，引经据典，这样才能保证内容的丰富性、全面性和深度。

比如我在公众号（高斋外刊双语精读）上就发过一篇《全职妈妈VS在职妈妈 | 外刊精读和写作积累》的精读文章，这篇是关于女性的话题，这类话题是一个老生常谈的话题，也是考研英语常考话题。下面是全文，可以看看。顺便推荐下，公众号（高斋外刊双语精读）这个号外刊内容紧扣考试，一句一句精讲解析，既适合学习外刊精读、长难句，也适合练翻译和学习写作，同时还可以提高英语阅读水平。最近都在更新写作相关话题，和10万+粉丝一起学习，欢迎关注。

【全职妈妈VS在职妈妈 | 外刊精读和写作积累】

许多人认为全职妈妈对孩子的成长更有利，这也是不少女性成为全职妈妈的原因，然而有研究表明，职场妈妈更容易培养出成功的女儿和更有爱的儿子！

董卿说过：“其实你希望孩子成为什么样的人，你就去做一个什么样的人。”

纽约时报上有一篇文章就讲到了职场妈妈给孩子带来的好处，文章标题是Mounting Evidence of Advantages for Children of Working Mothers，公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”就带大家一起来看看其中的一些观点。这篇内容既适合练翻译，也适合学写作，提高阅读理解。

纽约时报原文：Many studies have found that parents’ attitudes toward gender roles and work greatly affect their children’s attitudes. Part of working mothers’ guilt has been, ‘Oh, my kids are going to be so much better off if I stay home.” Yet evidence is mounting that having a working mother has some economic, educational and social benefits for children of both sexes. That is not to say that children do not also benefit when their parents spend more time with them — they do. But we make trade-offs in how we spend our time, and research shows that children of working parents also accrue benefits.

高斋参考译文：许多研究发现，父母对性别角色和工作的态度会极大影响孩子的态度。一些职场妈妈会产生内疚感，认为“如果我呆在家里，孩子会发展得更好”。然而越来越多的证据表明，职场妈妈在经济、教育和社会层面上会给孩子（无论男女）带来更好的影响。这并不是说，父母花更多时间与孩子在一起不会给孩子带来有利影响，好处当然有！但我们需要在时间投入上作出权衡。研究表明，父母双方均在职的孩子也能获益。

01

第一句：Many studies have found that parents’ attitudes toward gender roles and work greatly affect their children’s attitudes.

许多研究发现，父母对性别角色和工作的态度会极大影响孩子的态度。

1. 固定句型：many studies have found that在外刊中很常见，可以引出写作论据，作为一个固定句型来记，表示“许多研究发现/表明”，found也可以换为showed。

关于……的研究，介词是of；如果是某人或某机构组织做的研究，介词是by，即a study of ... by sb./机构 found that，如：

一项由国际货币基金组织对战后房市萧条情况所做的研究发现

英文可以说：

A study of post-war housing busts by the IMF found that

2. 固定搭配：attitudes toward表示“对待……的态度”。也可以说attitudes to/about。

3. 专业术语：gender roles指“性别角色”。性别角色是个体在社会化过程中通过模仿学习获得的一套与自己性别相适应的行为模式。

性别角色是一个常见话题，然而性别角色固化问题长久以来一直存在，比如今天这里涉及到的家庭角色分工问题。

纽约时报上有一篇关于性别平等的文章中就提到了gender roles，它指出年轻人对于性别角色的观念更加平等开放，然而在谁承担更多家庭责任问题上仍较多坚持传统看法，开头是这么说的：

Young people today have become much more open-minded about gender roles — it shows up in their attitudes about pronouns, politics and sports. But in one area, change has been minimal. They are holding on to traditional views about who does what at home.

其中hold on to表示“坚持（信念，信仰，原则等）”。

经济学人上有类似的观点：两性角色或许可能发生变化，但改变传统观念很难。它是这么说的：

Maybe, if expectations of those roles of both sexes change; butshifting traditional attitudes is hard.

4. 同义词替换：greatly affect表示“极大影响”，greatly也可以换为dramatically，significantly。

5. 语法分析：greatly affect their children’s attitudes这部分省略了toward gender roles and work，补充完整就是greatly affect their children’s attitudes toward gender roles and work，避免重复，所以省去。

02

第二句：Part of working mothers’ guilt has been, ‘Oh, my kids are going to be so much better off if I stay home.”

一些职场妈妈会产生内疚感，认为“如果我呆在家里，孩子会发展得更好”。

1. 固定搭配：part of sb’s guilt be：字面意思是某人一部分的负罪感/内疚感源于……，但中文不这么说，它其实就是“因……产生负罪感；因……感到内疚”的意思。《牛津词典》有一个例句跟原文这句意思相近：

She had feelings of guilt about leaving her children and going to work.

她因离开自己的孩子去工作而感到内疚。

其中have feelings of guilt about doing sth同样表示“因……感到内疚”。

还可以说feel guilty about ...外刊中类似的观点有很多。有一个专门的词就叫作mommy guilt 被内疚感绑架的妈妈。

事实上，在工作与承担家庭责任方面，不管是选择做全职妈妈还是职场妈妈，女性都无需过多内疚，如forbes上这几句：

Many women want children and a career, and they shouldn’t be made to feel guilty because of it. And many other women want children but have no desire to have a career, and they shouldn’t be made to feel guilty about that either.

2. better off：原型是well off，表示“富裕的，富有的；境况好的”，这里取第二层含义，表示情况更好的，发展更好的。

3. Stay at home在这里就指做全职妈妈，“全职妈妈”的英文是stay-at-home mothers，“在职妈妈”是working mothers。

03

第三句：Yet evidence is mounting that having a working mother has some economic, educational and social benefits for children of both sexes.

然而越来越多的证据表明，职场妈妈在经济、教育和社会层面上会给孩子（无论男女）带来更好的影响。

1. 英语写作句型：evidence is mounting that是一个写作句型，意思是“越来越多的证据表明”，也可以说there is mounting evidence that ...，the evidence that ... is mounting，mounting evidence attests/suggests that ...如下图经济学人所示：

2. 固定表达：has benefits for意思是“给……带来有利影响；对……有利”，具体是哪方面的影响，就是has ... benefits for。举个例子：它让我受益良多/受益匪浅。英文就可以说It had a lot of benefits for me.

has也可以换为bring，generate，provide。

“互利共赢”在CATTI和MTI考试中很常见，是mutual benefit，“共同利益”是shared benefits，注意一个是抽象名词，一个是各种利益，所以前者是不可数名词，后者是可数名词。

“从……中收益”也很常见，是benefit from。

3. of both sexes：两性；男女。“两性角色”可以说gender roles，也可以是roles of both sexes，还比如：

无论男女都很喜欢购买食物。

“无论男女”就可以用of both sexes表示，用来替换常见的both men and women，这句话就可以写为：

People of both sexes like shopping for food.

04

第四句：That is not to say that children do not also benefit when their parents spend more time with them — they do.

这并不是说，父母花更多时间与孩子在一起不会给孩子带来有利影响，好处当然有！

1. 固定表达：That is not to say that表示“这并不是说”，注意是“这”，不是“那”。也可以说This is not to say that，如下图经济学人例句：

2. 明确所指，they do中的they指的是children，do代指benefit。完整的含义就是children benefit when their parents spend more time with them.

05

第五句：But we make trade-offs in how we spend our time, and research shows that children of working parents also accrue benefits.

但我们需要在时间投入上作出权衡。研究表明，父母双方均在职的孩子也能获益。

1. 固定表达：make trade-offs是固定表达，意思是“进行权衡；权衡得失；统筹选择；协调；取舍”。注意介词搭配，在某方面作出权衡取舍，是make trade-offs in/about ...在……之间则是make trade-offs between ... 举个例子：

他们对投资机遇做出了有效取舍。

They made effective trade-offs about which opportunities to invest in.

trade-offs这个词经常用来表示“取舍；权衡；折中方案”，如今天的这个话题“工作与家庭间的权衡”英文可以说work-family trade-offs/balance；

还比如：

你必须学会权衡，你不可能既当一个工作狂，又要做称职的父母。

There are inevitably trade-offs: you cannot be a workaholic and a decent parent.

“权衡”常见的还可以说balance ... and ...例如：

Mothers must struggle to balance conflicting work and family roles.

2. accrue 美[əˈkruː]：这个词可以表示钱或利息等增加，也可以表示利润、好处等积累、增加。它经常跟benefits，gains，profits等词搭配。

Accrue benefits类似上一句中的benefit。

06

最后，我从外刊中找了一些全职妈妈VS职场妈妈的相关观点，大家可以借鉴一下：

1. 职场妈妈（working mothers/moms）能给孩子带来一系列好处；

Working both inside and outside the home gives your kids a signal that contributions at home and at work are equally valuable, for both men and women.

Women whose mothers worked outside the home are more likely to have jobs themselves, are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility at those jobs, and earn higher wages than women whose mothers stayed home full time, according to a new study.

As for men whose moms ever worked outside the home, they were more likely to contribute to household chores and spent more time caring for family members.

2. 全职妈妈（stay-at-home mothers/moms）对孩子更有利；

One advantage of being a stay at home parent is that you are sure your child is receiving quality child care.

Spending more time with your child makes you keenly aware of your child’s unique needs.

Stay-at-home moms create an environment where bonding takes place and children learn to attach to relationships. When a child can attach, that means they learn to trust people. Learning to trust is essential for having healthy relationships throughout life.

3. 总结。

If you want to focus on your kids now, rather than your career, researches suggest having a plan for keeping your skills sharp and staying on top of changes in your profession, as well as thinking ahead to how you might re-enter the workforce.

You don’t always need to make an all-or-nothing decision. Part-time work, reduced hours, contract jobs, freelancing or job sharing are great options.

Have a candid discussion with your partner about divvying up household and parenting tasks, and be sure to take some guilt-free time for yourself.

好了，就分享这么多，希望能帮助到大家。更多外刊精读与写作相关话题文章，可以移步公号（高斋外刊双语精读）