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使役动词 have let make 的用法
1.have 的用法
1). have 宾语
省 to 不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事 , 宾语和宾补之 间是一种主动关系 . 而且还可以与情态动词 will, would 连用 , 不用于被动结构 . The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants. I will have him come and help you. 2). have 宾语
现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中 , 宾语和宾 补是一种主动关系 . 亦可转化为“劝说 , 鼓励”宾语干某事 . The two cheats had the lights burning all night long. He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday. I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈 . 3). have 宾语
过去分词:表示主语的主观意志 , 即主语让别人为自己完成某事 , 宾语和 宾补是动宾关系 . 还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事 . Tom said he had had his TV set repaired. Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现 , 这是它与结构 1) 的区别所在 . 试比较:
Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了吗 ?( 自己洗 ) Have you had your clothes washed? 你叫人洗了衣服了吗 ?( 别人洗 ) 4). have 宾语
形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready. The Emperor had nothing on. I am sure I ’ ll have him in the argument. 2.let 的用法
1). let 宾语
省 to 不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事 , 宾语和宾补之 间是一种主动关系 , 罕用于被动语态 . 有时也可指一种假设 .let 后不能接现在分词 , 过去 分词作宾补 . Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves. Let AB be equal to CD. 假设 AB 等于 CD. 2). let 宾语
副词 / 介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out. Who let you into the building? 3.make 的用法
1). make 宾语
省 to 不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事 , 宾语和宾补之 间是一种主动关系 . 此结构常用被动结构 .make 后不接现在分词作宾补 . The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour. The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour. 2).make 宾语
过去分词 , 此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词 . He raised his voice to make himself heard. Can you easily make yourself understood in English? They will make an important plan known to the public soon. 3). make 宾语
形容词 , 宾语亦可是从句 . The news made her happy. |
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