走近传奇大提琴家罗斯特罗波维奇

Rostropovich was soloist in the premieres of Prokofiev's second Cello Concerto in 1952, Shostakovich's two Cello Concertos in 1959 and 1966, Britten's Cello Symphony in 1964 and Bliss's Cello Concerto in 1970.

他曾在多部作品的首演中担任独奏：1952年普罗科菲耶夫的第二部大提琴协奏曲（译注：此处应指他的交响协奏曲Symphony-Concerto for Cello and Orchestra in E minor, Op. 125）、1959年和1966年肖斯塔科维奇的两部大提琴协奏曲（译注：分别指Cello Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 107和Cello Concerto No. 2, Opus126）、1964布里顿的大提琴交响曲（Symphony for Cello and Orchestra or Cello Symphony, Op. 68），以及1970年布利斯的大提琴协奏曲。

Many other works have been written for him and today his repertoire includes more than 50 concertos, ranging from the baroque, through the classical and romantic periods, to the avant-garde. As a cellist, Rostropovich is noted for his commanding technique and intense, visionary playing.

除此之外，还有很多为他而创的作品。如今他的演奏曲目已囊括了50多部协奏曲，从巴洛克、古典主义，到浪漫主义，再到先锋音乐，无所不包。作为一名大提琴家，罗斯特罗波维奇以其精湛的技巧和热情、充满想象力的演出闻名。

Rostropovich was born in Baku, Azerbaijan in 1927. At the age of four he started piano lessons with his mother and shortly afterwards began to study the cello with his father. He continued under his father's tuition at the Central Music School in Moscow and then went on to the Moscow Conservatoire, where in addition to his cello and piano studies he began to conduct.

罗斯特罗波维奇于1927年出生在阿塞拜疆的巴库。4岁开始跟着母亲学钢琴，几年后又随父亲学大提琴，后在莫斯科的中央音乐学院继续接受父亲的指导。再后来他去了莫斯科音乐学院，除了大提琴和钢琴，他还开始学习指挥。

He made his public debut as a cellist in 1942 at the age of 15 and was immediately recognized as a potentially great artist. When the war ended his reputation soon spread outside the USSR, principally through his recordings, and when he began touring in the West it was soon apparent that in Rostropovich the world had a natural successor to the great Pablo Casals, who had reigned as the supreme cellist for more than half a century.

1942年，15岁的他以大提琴手的身份首次公开演出，旋即被誉为一名十分有潜力的优秀艺术家。二战结束后，他的名气很快也在国外传开，主要是通过唱片。他在西方国家的音乐之旅很快让世界明白，罗斯特罗波维奇将成为曾称霸大提琴界半个多世纪的大师帕布罗·卡萨尔斯（1876—1973）的天然继承者。

Rostropovich has also won outstanding acclaim as a conductor, appearing with most of the world's leading orchestras, as well as conducting and recording many operas, including Queen of Spades, Eugene Onegin, Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk and Tosca. Since 1977 he has been Music Director of the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington. He appears regularly in the UK with the London Symphony Orchestra (he made his UK conducting debut in 1974) and with other leading British orchestras.

罗斯特罗波维奇在指挥界也享誉甚高。他曾与世界大多数顶尖管弦乐团同台，指挥并录制了多部歌剧作品，包括《黑桃皇后》《尤金·奥涅金》《姆岑斯克的麦克白夫人》和《托斯卡》等。1977年起，他担任华盛顿国家交响乐团的音乐总监，时常出现在英国，与伦敦交响乐团（1974年他首次在英国指挥）和英国其他顶尖管弦乐团有过频繁的合作。

The London Symphony Orchestra have forged close links with Rostropovich through major festivals which have made an enormous impact on London's musical life. Rostropovich was a close friend of Sergei Prokofiev and was the inspiration behind the LSO's Sergei Prokofiev: The Centenary Festival 1991, featuring orchestral and chamber music, and the world premiere of a cello fugue dedicated to Rostropovich. In 1993 Rostropovich led the Festival of Britten with the LSO, appearing both as conductor and soloist.

在出演了几场对伦敦音乐生活产生深远影响的重大音乐节后，罗斯特罗波维奇与伦敦交响乐团建立了紧密的联系。罗斯特罗波维奇是普罗科菲耶夫的亲密朋友，为伦敦交响乐团演奏普罗科菲耶夫的曲目提供了灵感：1991年百年音乐节上演奏了普罗科菲耶夫的管弦乐与室内乐作品，并首演了一部献给罗斯特罗波维奇的大提琴赋格曲。1993年罗斯特罗波维奇与伦敦交响乐团领衔布里顿音乐节，其间他同时担任指挥和大提琴独奏。

Other events with the LSO have included Rostropovich's 60th Birthday series in 1987 and Shostakovich: Music from the Flames in 1988. Both on the cello and on the conductor's rostrum, Rostropovich is considered one of the leading interpreters of the music of Shostakovich (with whom he studied composition), Britten, and Prokofiev.

与伦敦交响乐团的其他合作包括1987年罗斯特罗波维奇60岁诞辰系列，以及1988年“肖斯塔科维奇：烈火中的音乐”。无论在指挥界还是大提琴界，罗斯特罗波维奇都被视为肖斯塔科维奇（他曾跟随这位大师学习作曲）、布里顿和普罗科菲耶夫音乐的最佳诠释者。

Mstislav Rostropovich is one of the world's most outspoken defenders of human and artistic freedoms. In 1974, after a period of four years during which the writer Solzhenitsyn resided in their home, Rostropovich and Vishnevskaya left the Soviet Union at their own request. Since then he has devoted much time and has given numerous performances to support humanitarian efforts around the world.

姆斯季斯拉夫·罗斯特罗波维奇是世界上最直言不讳的人权与艺术自由的捍卫者。作家索尔仁尼琴曾在他家中避难4年，之后罗斯特罗波维奇与妻子维什涅夫斯卡娅于1974年自愿离开了苏联。此后他倾注大量时间并举办数场演出来支持全世界的人道主义活动。

In 1990, after an absence of 16 years, he made a triumphant return to the Soviet Union with the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington, giving concerts in Washington and Leningrad to enormous acclaim. During the coup of August 1991 the strength of his attachment to his native Russia compelled him to fly, without a visa, to Moscow, to spend those momentous days in the Russian Parliament building and on the streets, where he was hailed as a national hero.

1990年，在离国16年之后，他成功带领华盛顿国家交响乐团回到苏联，在华盛顿和列宁格勒的演出获得了巨大反响。1991年8月苏联发生政变，对俄罗斯土地的依恋驱使他没来得及拿护照就毅然飞往莫斯科，在俄罗斯议会大楼里和马路上度过了这重大的日子，成为众人拥戴的民族英雄。

Mstislav Rostropovich holds over 40 honorary degrees and over 30 different nations have bestowed more than 130 major awards and decorations upon him. These include the German Order of Merit, the Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society, the Lenin Prize, the Annual Award of the League of Human Rights, the ÆPreamium Imperiale from the Japan Arts Association and the Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.

姆斯季斯拉夫·罗斯特罗波维奇持有40多个荣誉学位，超过30多个国家为他颁发过130多项重要奖项和奖章。这其中包括德国荣誉勋章、英国皇家爱乐社团金质奖章、列宁奖、法国人权联盟年度大奖、日本艺术协会颁发的高松宫殿下纪念世界文化奖，以及大英帝国骑士指挥官勋章。

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