精氨酸的生物学重要性：对肽和蛋白质的结构、紊乱和功能的作用的全面回顾,International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

精氨酸在几个方面表现出杰基尔和海德的行为。它通过离子键、氢键以及阳离子-π 相互作用参与蛋白质折叠；其侧链的电荷和疏水性使其成为一种促进紊乱的氨基酸。其在组蛋白中的甲基化；RNA结合蛋白；伴侣调节多种细胞过程。以精氨酸为中心的修饰在肿瘤发生中非常重要，并且作为多种心血管疾病的生物标志物。胶原蛋白和角膜中涉及精氨酸的交联参与组织的发病机制，但也可用于组织工程和伤口敷料材料。精氨酸是多种酶（例如 GTP 酶、过氧化物酶和磺基转移酶）活性位点的一部分。它的代谢重要性是显而易见的，因为它参与尿素、一氧化氮、鸟氨酸和瓜氨酸的产生。它可以形成不寻常的功能结构，例如体外分子镊子和体内连接 DNA 链作为组蛋白一部分的链轮。它已被用于设计作为药物的细胞穿透肽。精氨酸已被用作固体和注射药物制剂中的赋形剂；它在抑制液-液相分离导致的乳光方面的作用特别有前途。它被认为是蛋白质重折叠过程中蛋白质聚集的抑制剂。它已证明其在离子交换、疏水和亲和色谱等蛋白质生物分离过程中的有用性。精氨酸是一种氨基酸，其在生物科学和生物技术中的重要性不断以多种方式增长。

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Arginine shows Jekyll and Hyde behavior in several respects. It participates in protein folding via ionic and H-bonds and cation-pi interactions; the charge and hydrophobicity of its side chain makes it a disorder-promoting amino acid. Its methylation in histones; RNA binding proteins; chaperones regulates several cellular processes. The arginine-centric modifications are important in oncogenesis and as biomarkers in several cardiovascular diseases. The cross-links involving arginine in collagen and cornea are involved in pathogenesis of tissues but have also been useful in tissue engineering and wound-dressing materials. Arginine is a part of active site of several enzymes such as GTPases, peroxidases, and sulfotransferases. Its metabolic importance is obvious as it is involved in production of urea, NO, ornithine and citrulline. It can form unusual functional structures such as molecular tweezers in vitro and sprockets which engage DNA chains as part of histones in vivo. It has been used in design of cell-penetrating peptides as drugs. Arginine has been used as an excipient in both solid and injectable drug formulations; its role in suppressing opalescence due to liquid-liquid phase separation is particularly very promising. It has been known as a suppressor of protein aggregation during protein refolding. It has proved its usefulness in protein bioseparation processes like ion-exchange, hydrophobic and affinity chromatographies. Arginine is an amino acid, whose importance in biological sciences and biotechnology continues to grow in diverse ways.