scrapy (2)下载图片及存储信息

2023-03-10 08:22| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

例1：scrapy项目的使用(利用item收集抓取的返回值)

1、创建scrapy项目

scrapy startproject booklist New Scrapy project 'booklist', using template directory '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scrapy/templates/project', created in: /Users/yuanjicai/booklist You can start your first spider with: cd booklist scrapy genspider example example.com

2、定义要抓取内容的字段(用于回收抓取的数据)

cat booklist/items.py # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class BooklistItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() name = scrapy.Field() author = scrapy.Field() publisher = scrapy.Field() editor_date = scrapy.Field() description = scrapy.Field()

3、编写spider进行抓取

cat booklist/spiders/bookspider.py import scrapy from booklist.items import BooklistItem class BookSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'booklist' start_urls = ['http://www.chinavalue.net/BookInfo/BookList.aspx?page=1'] def parse(self,response): yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin("?page=1"),callback=self.parse_page) for item in response.xpath('//div[@id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_pagerBook"]/a/@href').extract(): fullurl=response.urljoin(item) yield scrapy.Request(fullurl,callback=self.parse_page) def parse_page(self,response): for item in response.xpath('//div[@id="divBookList"]/div/div[2]/a[1]'): detail_url=response.urljoin(item.xpath('@href').extract()[0]) yield scrapy.Request(detail_url,callback=self.parse_bookdetail) def parse_bookdetail(self,response): bookinfo=BooklistItem() basic_info=response.xpath('//*[@id="Container"]/div[6]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]') bookinfo['name']=basic_info.xpath('div[1]/text()').extract()[0].strip() bookinfo['author']=basic_info.xpath('div[2]/text()').extract()[0].strip() bookinfo['publisher']=basic_info.xpath('div[3]/text()').extract()[0].strip() bookinfo['editor_date']=basic_info.xpath('div[4]/text()').extract()[0].strip() bookinfo['description']=response.xpath('//*[@id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_pnlIntroBook"]/div[2]/text()').extract()[0].strip() yield bookinfo

parse函数中的“for循环”处理“下一页”的link(下图所示)

scrapy (2)下载图片及存储信息_scrapy pipeline

parse_page函数负责解析每一页书单中各item 标题的link(如下图所示)

scrapy (2)下载图片及存储信息_scrapy pipeline_02

parse_bookdetail 负责解析每本书的详细属性及内容(如下图所示)

scrapy (2)下载图片及存储信息_scrapy pipeline_03

4、运行项目

scrapy crawl booklist -o book-info.csv

上例中将抓取的信息通过yield返回给item中的各字段，然后再通过 output 选项存储到 book-info.csv 文件中。

例2：scrapy下载图片，并将抓取信息存储到指定位置(文件、mysql、mongodb)

创建项目(下载图片)：

bogon:scrapy yuanjicai$ scrapy startproject bookinfo bogon:douban_booklist yuanjicai$ cd bookinfo/

cat bookinfo/items.py #在item中定义抓取的各字段名，并定义image_urls、image_paths

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class BookinfoItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() name = scrapy.Field() author = scrapy.Field() publisher = scrapy.Field() price = scrapy.Field() rating = scrapy.Field() editor_date = scrapy.Field() images = scrapy.Field() image_urls = scrapy.Field() image_paths = scrapy.Field()

vim bookinfo/settings.py #通过settings指定抓取时使用的header、agent、pipeline、图片或文件保存的位置、img过期时间、mysql用户名/密码/端口、mongo用户名/密码/端口

grep -E -v '^(#|$)' bookinfo/settings.py BOT_NAME = 'bookinfo' SPIDER_MODULES = ['bookinfo.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'bookinfo.spiders' ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True #from faker import Factory #f = Factory.create() #USER_AGENT = f.user_agent() DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.75 Safari/537.36', } ITEM_PIPELINES = { #'bookinfo.pipelines.BookinfoStoreMysqlPipeline': 200, #'bookinfo.pipelines.BookinfoStoreFilePipeline': 200, 'bookinfo.pipelines.BookinfoStoreMongoPipeline': 200, 'bookinfo.pipelines.BookImgsDLPipeline': 300, } IMAGES_STORE = '/Users/yuanjicai/Downloads/bookinfo' IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90 #IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT = 100 #IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH = 100 #IMAGES_THUMBS = { # 'small': (50, 50), # 'big': (270, 270), #} MYSQL_HOST = '10.18.101.104' MYSQL_DBNAME = 'book' MYSQL_USER = 'root' MYSQL_PASSWD = '123' MYSQL_PORT = 3306 MONGODB_HOST = '10.18.101.104' MONGODB_PORT = 27017 MONGODB_DB = 'book' MONGODB_COLLECTION = 'bookinfo'

（1）爬取一个Item，将图片的URLs放入image_urls字段

（2）从Spider返回的Item，传递到Item Pipeline

（3）当Item传递到ImagePipeline，将调用Scrapy 调度器和下载器完成image_urls中的url的调度和下载。ImagePipeline会自动高优先级抓取这些url，于此同时，item会被锁定直到图片抓取完毕才被解锁。

（4）图片下载成功结束后，图片下载路径、url和校验和等信息会被填充到images字段中。

cat bookinfo/spiders/bookinfo_spider.py #实现抓取内容

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy import re from bookinfo.items import BookinfoItem class bookinfoSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "bookinfo" start_urls = [ "https://book.douban.com/top250" ] def parse(self,response): yield scrapy.Request(response.url,callback=self.parse_page) for page_url in response.xpath('//div[@class="paginator"]/a/@href').extract(): yield scrapy.Request(page_url,callback=self.parse_page) def parse_page(self,response): for item in response.xpath('//div[@class="article"]/div[1]/table/tr[1]'): bookinfo=BookinfoItem() #在for循环内实例化在item中定义的各字段，抓取每个item使用一个新的bookinfo空间，相互不影响 bookinfo['name']=item.xpath("td[2]/div[1]/a/text()").extract()[0].strip() bookinfo['price']=item.xpath("td[2]/p/text()").extract()[0].strip().split("/")[-1] bookinfo['editor_date']=item.xpath("td[2]/p/text()").extract()[0].strip().split("/")[-2] bookinfo['publisher']=item.xpath("td[2]/p/text()").extract()[0].strip().split("/")[-3] bookinfo['author']=item.xpath("td[2]/p/text()").extract()[0].strip().split("/")[-4] bookinfo['rating']=item.xpath("td[2]/div[2]/span[2]/text()").extract()[0] bookinfo['image_urls']=item.xpath("td[1]/a/img/@src").extract_first() yield bookinfo

scrapy (2)下载图片及存储信息_scrapy pipeline_04

cat bookinfo/pipelines.py #由pipeline中定义的类、方法保存抓取的信息及图片

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem from scrapy.conf import settings #导入settings 是为了在pipeline中调用setting中定义的各DB参数 import scrapy import codecs import json import pymysql import pymongo #通过以下pipeline使用pymysql连接并写入mysql server class BookinfoStoreMysqlPipeline(object): def __init__(self): pass def dbHandle(self): conn = pymysql.connect(host='10.18.101.104', db='book', user='root', passwd='123', charset='utf8') return conn def process_item(self,item,spider): conn=self.dbHandle() cursor=conn.cursor() insert_sql = 'insert into bookinfo(name,author,publisher,url) VALUES (%s,%s,%s,%s)' try: cursor.execute(insert_sql,(item["name"],item["author"],item["publisher"],item["image_urls"])) conn.commit() except: conn.rollback() conn.close() return item def spider_close(self,spider): pass #通过以下pipeline使用json.dumps形式将返回的数据写入指定json文件中 class BookinfoStoreFilePipeline(object): def __init__(self): self.file=codecs.open('bookinfo.json','w',encoding='utf-8') def process_item(self,item,spider): line = json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii=False) + "\n" self.file.write(line) return item def spider_colse(self,spider): self.file.close() #通过以下pipeline使用pymongo形式将返回的数据写入mongodb中 class BookinfoStoreMongoPipeline(object): def __init__(self): conn=pymongo.MongoClient(settings['MONGODB_HOST'],settings['MONGODB_PORT']) db=conn[settings['MONGODB_DB']] self.collection = db[settings['MONGODB_COLLECTION']] def process_item(self,item,spider): self.collection.insert(dict(item)) return item def spider_colse(self,spider): conn.close() #通过以下pipeline下载抓取过程中存储在image_urls字段的图片 class BookImgsDLPipeline(ImagesPipeline): default_headers = { 'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6', 'referer': 'https://book.douban.com/top250/', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36', } def get_media_requests(self,item,info): self.default_headers['referer'] = item['image_urls'] yield scrapy.Request(item['image_urls'], headers=self.default_headers, meta={'bookname':item['name']}) #将每个bookname附加在meta中传递给下一个函数处理 def file_path(self,request,response=None,info=None): bookname=requesta['bookname'] image_guid = bookname+'_'+request.url.split('/')[-1] #自定义保存图片的名称 filename = 'full/%s' % (image_guid) return filename def item_completed(self,results,item,info): image_paths = [ value['path'] for ok, value in results if ok ] if not image_paths: raise DropItem("Item contains no images") item['image_paths'] = image_paths[0] item['images'] = [ value for ok, value in results if ok ] return item

说明：result字典值的格式如下所示：

[(True, {'url': 'https://img3.doubanio.com/mpic/s26012674.jpg', 'path': 'full/b8700497fc0014c87e085747c89476e12162c518.jpg', 'checksum': '4da0defa1ec30229ce724d691f694ad1'})]

Pipline 下载图片时，必须是一个继承ImagesPipeline父类的类，该类必须在setting中调用；

ImagePipeline

需要在自定义的ImagePipeline类中重载的方法有：get_media_requests(item, info)和item_completed(results, items, info)

正如工作流程所示，Pipeline将从item中获取图片的URLs并下载它们，所以必须重载get_media_requests，并返回一个Request对象，这些请求对象将被Pipeline处理，当完成下载后，结果将发送到item_completed方法，这些结果为一个二元组的list，每个元祖的包含(success, image_info_or_failure)。 success: boolean值，true表示成功下载；如果success=true，image_info_or_error词典包含以下键值对：

url：原始URL

path：本地存储路径

checksum：校验码

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