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扫描关注获取:免费同步辅导,免费海量资源! 【初中英语快乐学】精心整理了精品语法课程,老师、家长都需要。请 转发+收藏!(建议老师分享到班级群) 赠人玫瑰,手有余香 视频讲解 知识点 名词的单复数(复数构成法) 一、规则的复数形式 构成法:一个名词如果表示一个或一样东西,它取单数形式,如pen,dog,tree,fact,church,kiss.如果表示两个或更多这类东西,则需用名词的复数形式,如pens,dogs,trees,facts,churches,kisses.构成名词复数,大多数是在单数形式后加-s或-es,有下面几种情况: 1.在单数形式后直接加-s: Girl girls; Hat hats; Neck necks; Tree trees; Pencil pencils;Kind kings. 2.如单数名词以s,x,sh,ch或z结尾,需在后面加-es: Kiss kisses; Church churches; Fox foxes; Match matches; Tax taxes; Watch watches; Dish dishes; Branch branches; Brush brushes; buzz buzzes. 3.以y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es: Lady ladies; Army armies; Baby babies;Story stories; Soliloquy soliloquies;Colloquy colloquies. 如果y前还有一个元音字母,则直接加-s: Day days; Key keys; Boy boys; Monkey monkeys. 4.以o结尾的词,多数加-s: Demo demos;Inferno infernos; Kilo kilos;Tempo tempos; Cello cellos;Memo memos; Banjo banjos;Octavo octavos; Piano pianos;Canto cantos; Dynamo dynamos;Tobacco tobaccos; Solo solos;Photo photos; Cameo cameos;Ratio ratios. 以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一概加-s:curios,rodeos,bamboos,tattoos,… 但有少数以o 结尾的词后需加-es: echo,echoes;embargo,embargoes;jingo,jingoes;torpe- do;torpedoes;veto,vetoes;hero,heroes;negro,ne-groes;potato,potatoes;mosquito,mosquitoes;go,goes;no,noes;motto,mottoes. 其他以o结尾的词,一般既可加-s,也可加-es: zero,zeros,zeroes;halo,halos,haloes;mango,mangos,mangoes.此外还有:motto;tornado;volcano;cargo;buffalo;commando. 5.以f或fe结尾的词,多数直接加-s: Chief chiefs;Reef reefs; Cliff cliffs;Cuff cuffs; Roof roofs;Fife fifes; Belief beliefs;Safe safes; Gulf gulfs;Strife strifes. 但有几个名词,需变f为v,再加es: Elf elves; leaf leaves; Calf calves;Shelf shelves; Loaf loaves;Half halves; Life lives;Self selves; Wife wives;Wolf wolves ; Knife knives. 有个别名词,可加-s或-es: Hoof hoofs,hooves; Wharf wharfs,wharves; Scarf scarfs,scarves; Dwarf dwarfs,dwarves; Beef beefs,beeves; Staff staffs,staves. 二、不规则的复数形式 有些名词有不规则的复数形式。 1.把单数形式稍加变化,成为复数形式: man men; foot feet; alderman aldermen ; foot foots(=dregs); woman women; goose geese; countrywoman countrywomen; goose gooses(=iron); mouse mice ; tooth teeth; dormouse dormice; child children; louse lice; ox oxen. 2.把单数形式用作复数形式(即单复同形): 1)sheep,deer,swine,fish,cod,salmon,trout,但在表示不同种类时可加-s、又如fox,hare,tiger,bear,heron等单数形式,是猎人用语。 2) dozen,score(20),head(头数),stone( 14磅重量),brace,stand,series,species,craft,foot,sail,change,horse. 例如: two dozen of these,a hundred species of fish,allkinds of craft,20 head of cattle,six hundred,ten stone. (但要说hundreds of,thousands of years.) 3) corps,abatis,chamois,rendezvous,faux pas,chassis,patois.这些词为法语词,单数时s不读音,用作复数时s读作[z]。 4) data,errata,phenomena,stamina,strata.这些词为拉丁语,原为复数形式,也可用作单数。 5)Chinese,Japanese,Burmese,Vietnamese,Swiss,Sioux. 这些表示一些国家的人民,也是单复同形。 |
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