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结构体数组
结构体数组的定义：
结构体数组格式：声明变量类型 数组名称[数组长度]
//定义一个结构体数组名为a,它里面包含有5个元素，每一个元素都是一个结构体变量
Wor a[5]={};
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void main(){
WOR a[3]=
{
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0001","张三丰","女",500},
{"0001","张四丰","女",1200}
}
}
对比记忆 
结构体数组的输出
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",5000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
int i;
for(i=0;i
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void output(WOR a[],int n){//次函数是用来输出长度为n的工人数组的信息
int i;
printf("工号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\n");
for(i=0;i
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",5000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
output(a,6);
}
结构体的应用
案例一、
1、编写一个函数，它的目的是为了输出所有性别为男的的职工信息 算法分析： 1)这个函数它不用返回值因为该函数是为了完成输出 2）该函数要处理很多职工，就需要一个数组，数组的类型为职工类型 注意：在C语言当中字符串不能直接比较是否相同，要通过strcmp这个函数来比较其两个字符串是否相同
#include
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void QueryWorker(WOR a[],int n){//次函数是用来输出长度为n的工人数组的信息
int i;
printf("全部员工：\n");
printf("工号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\n");
for(i=0;i
if(strcmp(a[i].sex,"男")==0){
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",a[i].id,a[i].name,a[i].sex,a[i].pay);
}
}
printf("所有女员工：\n");
printf("工号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\n");
for(i=0;i
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",a[i].id,a[i].name,a[i].sex,a[i].pay);
}
}
}
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",5000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
QueryWorker(a,6);
}
 2、能够输出指定性别的职工
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void QueryBySex(WOR a[],int n,char b[]){//次函数是用来输出长度为n的工人数组的信息
int i;
printf("工号\t姓名\t性别\t年龄\n");
for(i=0;i
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",a[i].id,a[i].name,a[i].sex,a[i].pay);
}
}
}
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",5000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
char b[10];
printf("请输入您要查询的性别 :\n");
scanf("%s",b);
QueryBySex(a,6,b);
}
案例二、
让用户输入一个工号，然后在一个结构体数组当中去查找有没有这个工人，如果有则输出这个工人的信息，如果没有则找不到此人
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void FindById(WOR a[],int n,char id[]){
//我们要访问数组里面每一个工人，如果发现了一个工人，就退出循环。如果找不到就输出找不到此人
int i;
for(i=0;i//说明第i个工人就是我们要找的职工
break;//强制终止循环
}
}
//在退出循环之后，再来检查i与n的关系
if(i
printf("找不到此人");
}
}
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",5000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
char b[10];
printf("请输入您要查询的id :\n");
gets(b);
FindById(a,6,b);
}
案例三、
求出所有职工中最高工资那个职工的信息 注意：这里有一个知识点：成员比较整体赋值
#include
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void max(WOR a[],int n){
WOR m=a[0];
int i;
for(i=0;i//如果m的工资小于a[i]的工资，就把m赋值给a[i]
m=a[i];
}
}
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",m.id,m.name,m.sex,m.pay);
//假设第一个工人是最高工资的那个工人
}
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",1200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",7000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
max(a,6);
}
 上方程序改进 输出所有工资大于平均工资的职工 1、必须要先求出平均 2、在访问每一个职工，如果发现这个职工的工资要小于平均工资的话，就输出这个职工的信息。
#include
#include
typedef struct worker{
char id[10];
char name[10];
char sex[10];
int pay;
}WOR;
void QueryByAver(WOR a[],int n){
int i;
float aver;
int sum = 0;
//求出总工资
for(i=0;i
if(a[i].pay>=aver){//如果发现职工的工资大于等于平局工资，就输出对应职工的信息
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n",a[i].id,a[i].name,a[i].sex,a[i].pay);
}
}
}
void main(){
WOR a[6]={
{"0001","陈文杰","男",3200},
{"0002","张三丰","女",7000},
{"0003","张四丰","女",1200},
{"0004","张五丰","男",2200},
{"0005","张六丰","男",5200},
{"0006","张七丰","男",6200}
};
QueryByAver(a,6);
}
 算法变换
#include
#include
typedef struct stud{//定义了一个结构体
char Id[10];//学号
char Name[10];//姓名
int China;//语文成绩
int Math;//数学成绩
int English;//英语成绩
}STU;
//编写一个函数，它的目的是为了输出所有学生的总分与平均分
void fun(STU a[],int n){
int sum=0,i;
printf("学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总分\t平局分\n");
//要访问里面的每一个学生
for(i=0;i
STU a[8]={
{"S1","张一军",127,150,100},
{"S2","张二军",75,85,89},
{"S3","张三军",67,58,86},
{"S4","张四军",120,101,87},
{"S5","张五军",136,100,82},
{"S6","张六军",141,52,83},
{"S7","张七军",125,85,81},
{"S8","张八军",136,65,79}
};
fun(a,8);
}
 案例变换： 注意字符串也不能够直接赋值，要通过一个函数来对字符串进行赋值 strcpy:通过这个函数才可以给字符串进行赋值
#include
#include
typedef struct stud{//定义了一个结构体
char Id[10];//学号
char Name[10];//姓名
int China;//语文成绩
int Math;//数学成绩
int English;//英语成绩
}STU;
//编写一个函数，求出每一个学生的优秀科目，目的不是输出分数，而是要输出对应科目的名称
void Perferct(STU a[],int n){
int sum=0,i;
char per[20];
int maxscore;//用来确保最优科目的分数
//要输出标题
printf("学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t最优秀科目\n");
//要访问里面的每一个学生，对于第i学生要确认它的最优科目名称（语文，数学，英语）
//科目名称是字符串，所以要先定义一个字符串来确保保存最优科目名称
for(i=0;i
maxscore = a[i].Math;
strcpy(per,"数学");
}
if(maxscore
STU a[8]={
{"S1","张一军",127,150,100},
{"S2","张二军",75,85,89},
{"S3","张三军",67,58,86},
{"S4","张四军",120,101,87},
{"S5","张五军",136,100,82},
{"S6","张六军",141,52,83},
{"S7","张七军",125,85,81},
{"S8","张八军",136,65,79}
};
Perferct(a,8);
}
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