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双语翻译:改革开放词典 Reform and Opening

2024-07-14 11:31| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

1992年,邓小平南方视察

视察(inspection tour)

一系列讲话(a series of speeches)

必要性和重要性(necessity and significance of deepening reform and speeding up development)

改革开放(reform and opening-up)

中国特色社会主义(socialism with Chinese characteristics)

三通 three direct links

两岸“三通”是指台湾海峡两岸(即台湾和大陆)之间双向的直接通邮、通商与通航(direct links in post, trade and transportation)

和平统一(peaceful reunification)

春节包机(chartered flights during the Spring Festival)

货运包机(chartered cargo flights)

一国两制 one country, two systems

一国两制(one country, two systems)

社会主义制度(the socialist system)

资本主义制度(the capitalist system)

“一国两制”、“港人治港”(the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong)

“澳人治澳”(the people of Macao governing Macao)

高度自治的方针(a high degree of autonomy)

一个中国原则(one-China principle)

坚持“九二共识” (the 1992 Consensus)

推进祖国和平统一进程(advance the process toward the peaceful reunification of China)。

科学发展观 scientific outlook on development

“坚持以人为本(putting people first)

树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观(comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development)

促进经济社会和人的全面发展”,按照“统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放(promote a balanced growth between urban and rural areas, different regions, economic and social undertakings, man and nature as well as domestic progress and opening-up to the world)”

依法治国 rule of law

依法治国(rule of law)

社会主义市场经济(socialist market economy)

社会文明进步(social civilization progress)

国家长治久安(enduring peace and stability of the country)

建设社会主义法治国家(building a socialist country under the rule of law)

完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系(improve a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics in which the Constitution is taken as the core)

加快建设法治政府(speed up building a law-abiding government)

提高司法公信力(improve judicial credibility)

增强全民法治观念(promote the public awareness of rule of law)

加强法治工作队伍建设;加强和改进党对全面推进依法治国的领导(improve team building and to sharpen the CPC’s leadership in pushing forward rule of law)。

中国梦 Chinese dream

中华民族伟大复兴(the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation)

国家富强(prosperity of the country)

民族振兴(rejuvenation of the nation)

人民幸福(happiness of the people)

“一带一路”倡议 Belt and Road Initiative

“丝绸之路经济带”(the Silk Road Economic Belt)

“21世纪海上丝绸之路” (the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road)

区域合作平台(platform for regional cooperation)

合作伙伴关系(cooperative partnership)

利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体(community with shared interests, a shared future and responsibility)。

电子政务 e-government

电子政务(e-government)

现代信息技术(modern information technology)

网络技术(internet technology)

办公自动化技术(office automation technology)

公共服务(public service)

网络服务器(web server)

乡村振兴战略 rural vitalization strategy

农业农村农民问题(issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers)

全党工作的重中之重(a central place on the work agenda of the Party)。产业兴旺(thriving businesses)

生态宜居(pleasant living environment)

乡风文明(social etiquette and civility)

治理有效(effective governance)

生活富裕(prosperity)

摆脱贫困(out of poverty)

人类命运共同体 a community with a shared future for mankind

人类命运共同体(a community with a shared future for mankind)

冷战思维(Cold War mentality)

强权政治(power politics)

零和游戏(zero-sum game)

以邻为壑(beggar-thy-neighbor policies)

坚持以对话解决争端(settle disputes and disagreements through dialogue and consultation)

以协商化解分歧(replace estrangement with exchange)

精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation

精准扶贫(targeted poverty alleviation)

严格坚持现行扶贫标准(authorities should stick to the current poverty relief standards)

不能擅自拔高标准,也不能降低标准(should not make arbitrary decisions to raise or lower the standards)。

农村贫困人口实现脱贫,贫困县摘帽(lifting all rural poor and impoverished counties out of poverty)

消除绝对贫困(eliminating absolute poverty)

反腐 anti-corruption

查处领导干部违纪违法案件(handling law-breaking cases of leading officials)

要坚持党纪国法面前没有例外(no exceptions will be made when it comes to Party discipline and law)

不管涉及到谁,都要一查到底,决不姑息(no leniency will be granted to those found guilty, no matter who is involved)

巡视(discipline inspection)

全覆盖(full-scale inspection)

猎狐行动(Fox Hunt)和“天网”行动(Sky Net)

02

经济篇

家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system

集体经济组织(collective economic organization)

基本经济制度(basic economic system)。

对内改革(internal reform)

生产力(productivity)

黄金时代(golden age)

经济特区 special economic zone

改革开放(reform and opening-up)

国家级高新区(national high-tech zone)

保税区(bonded area)、出口加工区(export processing zone)

保税物流园区(bonded logistic park)

保税港区(bonded port area)和综合保税区(comprehensive bonded area)

下海 venture into business, jump into the business world

市场竞争(market competition)

政府机关(government organs)

国有企业(State-owned enterprises)

个体户(self-employed entrepreneur)

外资企业(foreign enterprise)

停薪留职(retain the job but suspend the salary)

“三农”问题 issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area

农村问题学者正式提出(formally raised by researchers on rural issues)

中央一号文件(No 1 central document)

社会主义现代化(socialist modernization)

西部大开发 Western Development

调整结构(adjust structure)

搞好基础设施(focus on infrastructure)

生态环境(environment)

科技教育(technology and education)

投资环境初步改善(improve investment environment)

全面升级(all-round upgrade)

边远山区(remote mountainous areas)

落后农牧区(agricultural and pastoral areas)

入世 joining the WTO

世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, WTO),

“改革开放进入历史新阶段的标志(a new stage in China's reform and opening-up)”

早在2010年,中国降税承诺就已全部履行完毕(by 2010, China had fulfilled all of its tariff reduction commitments),

服务贸易(trade in services)

市场准入(market access)

外商投资(foreign investment)

南水北调工程 South-to-North Water Diversion Project

西气东输(West-to-East natural gas transmission)

西电东送(West-to-East power transmission)

水资源短缺(water shortage)

世界上最大的调水工程(the largest water diversion project in the world)

调水(transfer water)

一揽子经济刺激计划 economic stimulus package

国际金融危机(global financial crisis)

农民工(migrant workers)

扩大内需(expand domestic demand)

减税(structural tax cut)

产业调整(industrial restructuring)和振兴规划;三是大力推进自主创新(independent innovation),加强科技支撑;四是大幅度提高社会保障(improve social security)水平。

自由贸易试验区free trade pilot zone

贸易和投资(trade and investment)

豁免关税(duty exemption)

自由贸易港(establishment of free trade port)

世界上开放程度最高的一种经济区形式(the world's most open form of economic zone),

中国特色自由贸易港(free trade port with Chinese characteristics)

新常态 new normal

从高速增长转为中高速增长(the economy has shifted gear from the previous high speed to a medium-to-high speed growth)

结构——经济结构不断优化升级(the economic structure is constantly improved and upgraded)

动力——从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动(the economy is increasingly driven by innovation instead of input and investment)。

沪港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect

“债券通(Bond Connect)”

沪伦通(Shanghai-London Stock Connect)

存托凭证(Depository Receipts, DR)

新型城镇化 new urbanization; new type of urbanization

第一产业(primary industry)

第二、第三产业(secondary and tertiary industries)

基础设施一体化和公共服务均等化(infrastructure integration and public service equalization)

促进经济社会发展(promote economic and social development)

实现共同富裕(achieve common prosperity)

可复制、可推广的经验(duplicatable practices)

在全国范围内推广试点地区的成功经验(promote the successful practices around the country)。

人民币“入篮” RMB inclusion in the SDR; Renminbi joins SDR

必备行头(must-have wardrobe essentials)

蝙蝠衫式的毛衣(batwing type sweater)

当时摩登女青年的最爱(the favorite of modern young women at that time)。

蛤蟆镜 aviator sunglasses

蛤蟆镜是太阳镜的一种(a type of sunglasses)

反光大镜片(large reflective lenses)

引领了时代新潮流(lead new trend of times)

红裙子 red dress

健美裤 fitness tights

打底裤(leggings)

“踩脚裤(anchored pants)”

苗条修长的身材(slim figure)

露脐装 midriff-baring tops

腹部以及腰部曲线(flat abs and waist curve)

观念更为开放(more open-minded)

崇尚个性、追求自由的心理(pursuit of individuality and freedom)。

吊带裙 slip dress

深受年轻女孩喜爱的服装(fashionable and much-loved style of dress)

碎花吊带裙(floral slip dress)

搭配外套或坎肩(jacket or waistcoat)

回头率绝对爆表(definitely a head-turner)

坡跟鞋 wedge heels

坡跟鞋(wedge heels)

高跟鞋(high heels)

平底鞋(flats)

松糕鞋(platform shoes)

旗袍 cheongsam

中国传统服饰(traditional Chinese clothing)

《花样年华》(In the Mood for Love)

不仅展示出中国女性特有的优雅与柔美(reveal not only the distinctive elegance and tenderness of Chinese women)

身姿的曼妙(graceful posture)

新中装 new Chinese-style outfits

立领(stand up collar)

连肩袖(raglan sleeve)

对开襟(Chinese-style jacket with buttons down the front)

海水江崖纹图案(sea and mountain pattern)

软实力(soft power)

08

出行篇

私家车 private car

中国第一位私家车主(China's first private car owner)

车牌(car plate)

轿车(sedan)

私家车保有量(private car ownership)

绿皮车 green train

“绿皮车”是对老式火车的一种俗称(a traditional nickname for old-style trains)

农民工外出(rural labor migration)

春运(Spring Festival travel rush)

运力不足(low transport capacity)

超员严重(overcrowding)

长途汽车 long-distance bus

偏远地区(remote areas)

摩托大军 motorcycle ride

安全隐患(potential safety problems)

免费机械维修(free mechanical repair)

高铁 high-speed train

最高时速(maximum speed)

京津城际(Beijing-Tianjin intercity train)

高速铁路2.5万公里(China had 25,000 km of high-speed railway lines)

占世界高铁里程(high-speed railway mileage)

共享单车 bicycle sharing

单车共享服务(bicycle sharing service)

分时租赁(short-time rental)

重回两轮时代(back on two wheels)

互联网+共享经济(internet + sharing economy)

网约车 online car-hailing/ride-hailing

叫车软件(car-hailing apps)

出租车叫车服务(taxi-hailing service)

专车(tailored taxi service)

顺风车(ride sharing)

快车(fast ride)

电动平衡车 electric self-balancing scooter

滑来滑去(glide along the street)。

BMW混搭出行 Bus Metro Walk (BMW)

绿色出行(green commuting)

无人驾驶汽车 autonomous/ self-driving vehicle

我国首个无人驾驶汽车封闭测试场启用(China's first closed testing field for self-driving cars came into operation)

L4级量产无人驾驶巴士(level-4 self-driving bus)

“阿波龙”开始量产(mass production)

无人驾驶汽车依靠人工智能(artificial intelligence)

视觉计算(visual computing)

雷达、监控装置(monitoring devices)

09

休闲娱乐篇

玩游戏 playing games

跳皮筋(rubber band skipping)

踢毽子(shuttlecock kicking)

跳房子(hopscotching)

滚铁环(iron ring pushing)

电子游戏(video games)

电脑游戏(computer games)

手机游戏(mobile games)

体感游戏(motion sensing games)

桌游(board role-playing games)

打台球 playing billiards

台球厅(billiards rooms)

小镇青年们(small-town youngsters)

旱冰场(roller rink)

唱K Karaoke singing

卡拉OK (Karaoke)

五星级酒店(five-star hotels)

娱乐活动(recreational activities)

蹦迪 disco dancing

迪斯科(disco)意为"公共舞厅(a public dance hall)"

夜店(night club)

中国摇滚乐(rock-and-roll)

交谊舞(ballroom dancing)

看电视 watching TV

春晚(Spring Festival gala)

“四大名著(four great classics of Chinese literature)”

追星族(celebrity fans)

古装武侠剧(martial arts drama)

青春偶像剧(trendy drama)

家庭剧(family drama)

战争剧(war drama)

反腐剧(anti-corruption drama)

上网 surfing the internet

低头族(phubbers)

不受时间、环境等客观条件的限制(no limitation of objective conditions, such as time and environment)

广场舞 square dancing

集体舞(group dancing)

全民健身的热潮(a nationwide fitness craze)

网上自学(self-taught from the internet)

健身 workout, going to the gym

快节奏的都市生活(fast-paced city life)

纤细腰部和诱人马甲线 (flat and firm abs, abdominal muscles)

打保龄球(playing bowling)

徒步(hiking)

跑马拉松(running marathons)

旅游 traveling

跟团游(package tour)

自由行(independent travel)

国内游(domestic trip)

出境游(outbound tour)

深度游(in-depth travel)

“血拼(shopping)”

出境游学(overseas study tours)

10

发型变化

爆炸头 Afro

越蓬越好(the bigger the hair the better)

烫发(perming)

波浪卷(waves)

飞机头 quiff

喇叭裤(bell bottoms)

大背头 pompadour /slicked-back hair

复古发型(vintage hairstyle)

郭富城头 the Aaron Kwok haircut

五五开的蘑菇头(center parted mushroom cut/bowl cut)

纷纷效仿(follow suit)

黑长直发(long straight black hair)

波浪卷发(loose waves)

boy短发(short boyish haircut)

中长发 medium length hair

马尾 ponytail

发绳(hair tie)

丝带(ribbon)

高马尾(high ponytail)

低马尾(low ponytail)

歪马尾(side ponytail)

半马尾(half ponytail,即把头发分成上下两层,下层散开、上层弄成马尾造型),宅男钟爱的萌系双马尾(bunches/twin-tail),还可以高梳后编个麻花辫(plaits/braids)。

莫西干头/鸡冠头 Mohawk hairstyle

齐刘海 neat bang

杀马特发型 shamate hairstyle

90后(born in the 1990s)

造型夸张(exaggerated hairstyle)

扫把头(high-top fade)

刺猬头(spiked hair)

丸子头 bun

长波波头 long bob

11

时代强音

解放思想,实事求是 Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts

《解放思想,实事求是,团结一致向前看》(Emancipating the Mind, Seeking Truth from Facts, Uniting as One and Looking to the Future)

从我做起,从现在做起 It starts with me, it starts now

座右铭(a motto for a generation)

五讲四美三热爱 five emphases, four points of beauty and three loves

1981年2月,《人民日报》发表社论,号召青年们把“五讲四美”和“三热爱”结合起来,把社会主义祖国建设得更加强大美好。“五讲四美三热爱”成为最数字化的经典口号。“五讲”即“讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德”(emphasize decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals);“四美”即“心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美”(beauty of the mind, language, behavior and environment),“三热爱”即“热爱共产党、热爱祖国、热爱社会主义”(love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party)。

团结起来,振兴中华! Unite to revitalize China!

时间就是金钱,效率就是生命 Time is money, efficiency is life

深圳经济特区(Shenzhen Special Economic Zone)作为改革开放的“试验田” (the "experimental field" of China's reform and opening-up)

冲出亚洲 走向世界 Out of Asia, into the world

贫穷不是社会主义 Poverty is not socialism

“搞社会主义,一定要使生产力发达,贫穷不是社会主义。”(To build socialism, it is necessary to develop the productive forces. Poverty is not socialism.)

发展才是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle

“我们的国家一定要发展,不发展就会受人欺负,发展才是硬道理。”(Our country must develop, and if it does not develop, it will be bullied by others. Development is the absolute principle.)

要想富,先修路! If you want wealth, build roads first!

路通才能财通(wide roads will allow wealth to roll in)

同一个世界,同一个梦想 One World One Dream

“同一个世界 同一个梦想”是2008年北京奥运会、2008年北京残奥会的主题口号,集中体现了奥林匹克精神的实质(the essence of the Olympic Spirit) 和普遍价值观——团结、友谊、进步、和谐、参与和梦想(unity, friendship, progress, harmony, participation and dreams),表达了全世界在奥林匹克精神的感召下,追求人类美好未来的共同愿望。2008年北京奥运会共创造43项新世界纪录(world records)及132项新奥运纪录(Olympic records),共有87个国家和地区在赛事中取得奖牌,中国以51枚金牌居金牌榜首名,是奥运历史上首个登上金牌榜首的亚洲国家(the first Asian country topping the Olympic gold medal tally)。

撸起袖子加油干 Roll up our sleeves to work harder

“撸起袖子加油干”出自习近平主席2017年新年贺词。 “上下同欲者胜,只要我们13亿多人民和衷共济,只要我们党永远同人民站在一起,大家撸起袖子加油干,我们就一定能够走好我们这一代人的长征路 (As one saying goes, "success comes to those who share in one purpose". As long as our 1.3 billion-plus people are pulled together for a common cause, as long as the Party stands together with the people and we roll up our sleeves to work harder, we will surely succeed in a Long March of our generation.) 。” “撸起袖子加油干”成为2017年十大流行语之一,并成为激励各行各业努力奋斗的流行口号。

12

那些年我们吃过的零食

大白兔奶糖 White Rabbit Creamy Candy

麦乳精 malted milk

麦丽素 Mylikes

跳跳糖 Pop Rocks

小浣熊干脆面 Small Raccoon Snack Noodle

棉花糖 cotton candy, candy floss

糖葫芦 tanghulu, sugercoated haws on a stick

泡泡糖 bubblegum

浪味仙 Lonely God

膨化食品(puffed food)

辣条 spicy gluten

13

新型职业

淘宝店主 Taobao vendor/seller/shop owner

快递员 deliveryman

快递员指的是使用快递专用工具、设备和应用软件系统,从事快件揽收(collecting)、分拣(sorting)、封发(dispatching)、转运(transporting)、投送(delivery)、信息录入、查询、市场开发、疑难快件处理等工作的人员。

代购 daigou, purchasing agent

外卖送餐员 takeout deliveryman

2017年,我国外卖市场(takeout market)

食品卫生(food hygiene)

闯红灯(running red lights)

逆行(traveling along the wrong side of the road)

网约车司机 online ride-hailing driver

网红 online celebrity

自媒体作者 We-Media writer

新媒体运营专员 new media specialist

网络主播 livestreaming host

电竞选手 e-sports player

电竞选手,即电子竞技运动员,指那些出类拔萃,经过层层选拔,有资格参加电子竞技比赛(e-sports competition)的职业选手(professional gamer/player)

14

婚恋模式的变化

相亲(盲约) blind date

电视相亲 TV dating

传统相亲模式(turn traditional matchmaking on its head)

一夜成名(become famous overnight)

快速约会 speed dating

在线约会 online dating

网络征婚指通过婚恋网站(dating site)、交友软件(dating app)、直播(live video streaming)等平台找对象。网络征婚方便快捷,成为单身男女寻找爱情的途径之一。但由于网络上鱼龙混杂,部分平台管理混乱,近年来网络婚恋诈骗(marital/romance fraud)时有发生。

征婚派对 matchmaking party

“富翁vs美女”相亲派对(matchmaking parties aimed at pairing up rich men with beautiful women)"

智慧相亲 intelligent dating

异地恋 long-distance relationship

异国恋(cross-country relationship)

奉子成婚 shotgun marriage

裸婚 naked marriage

裸婚是指不办婚礼(wedding ceremony)、甚至没有婚戒(wedding ring)而直接领证结婚(get marriage licenses)的一种简朴的结婚方式。由于生活压力越来越大,加之现代人越来越强调婚姻的自由和独立,年轻一代越来越不重视婚礼。裸婚包括全裸婚和半裸婚,全裸婚即不买房、不买车(not buying house or car)、不买钻戒(no diamond ring)、不办婚礼(no wedding ceremony)、不度蜜月(no honeymoon),只花9块钱登记结婚的结婚形式。半裸婚则是指有部分经济承受能力的青年根据自己的实际情况对整个结婚过程中物件和程序进行适当选择(make appropriate arrangements of the wedding based on their economic status),一般是指没车没房,但是可以有钻戒、度蜜月,以及简单酒席操办。

闪婚闪离 flash marriage and flash divorce

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