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青岛教堂英文简介

2024-07-07 11:09| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

Jan09青岛教堂英文简介时间:2020/01/09 18:18 | 分类:文史百科

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中文名称: 青岛天主教圣弥厄尔大教堂

Category: Religious anizations, Churches,

English Address: 15 Zhejiang Rd. Shinan Dist.

Address: 青岛市南区浙江路15号‎

Phone Number: 0532-82865960

Takes Reservations: Not sure

TAG: catholic, church

The St. Emil Church is the largest Catholic Church in Qingdao, Shandong Province. The church is located at Dexian Road. Local citizens of Qingdao used to call it the Catholic Church. Established in the early 1930s, the church was the largest Gothic architecture in Qingdao as well as a masterpiece of Christian architecture. The Qingdao Catholic Church was built in the early 1930s.

The construction of the church began in 1932 and ended in 1934. Covering an area of 2470 square meters, the church is built of yellow granites and ferroconcretes, and the fa?ade is carved with concise and graceful patterns. The grand and sober windows are half arciform with fluent lines. A huge rosace was set on the gate. There are red-tiled bell towers of over 56 meters high on each side of the main entrance with a cross of more than 4.5 meters high on the top. Inside each tower four great bells are hung. Once the bells ring, the sound can be heard miles away. Behind the entrance there is a roomy and bright hall of over 18 meters high, which can acmodate more than 1,000 people. Soft light passes through rosace. Two ambulatories stand on both east and west sides of the hall. There are two large altars and four ... all altars behind the hall. The eikon painted on the hall's vault and the dazzling lamplights make the church full of religious atmosphere.

The religious activities of the Catholic church are active. Worship ceremonies will be held on Sundays, when the hall is full of adherents, the priest presides the mass, and adherents sing fair-sounding anthems with the acpaniment of a piano, and pray devoutly. The Easter and Christmas are grand festivals for Catholici ... . Ceremonious felicitation rites are held in the church every year with a passionate festive atmosphere.

Catholici ... was firstly introduced to Qingdao in 1897 when the Germany force began to enter the city. In the spring of 1898, Germany missionaries built the first missionary place behind the Yaohou Palace at Taiping Road, recruiting new adherents and conducting religious activities.

From 1900 and 1902, Bai Mingde, a Germany priest, purchased a piece of land in Qufu Road and built the first Catholic Church in Qingdao. With increasing adherents and religious activities, people began to raise funds and planned to build a cathedral of over 100 meters high in Qiandao. According to the original plan, there is a round pavilion and a lookout, from which one can enjoy the landscape of mountain and sea in Qingdao. The design was directed by Germany architect Bi Louha. The planned cathedral was a top-ranking church in the oriental countries with grand shape and luxury interior.

For several reasons, the plan was changed dramatically. The church was located in the east side of the flourishing Zhongshan Road. The construction started in 1932 and was pleted in 1934, covering an area of 2,470 square meters. The fa?ade is carved with concise and graceful patterns. The grand and sober windows are semi-arciform with fluent lines. There are red-tiled bell towers of 56 meters high on both sides of the main entrance with a cross of 4.5 meters high on the top. Behind the entrance is a roomy and bright hall of 18 meters high, which can acmodate more than 1,000 people. Two ambulatories stand on both the east and west sides of the hall. There are two large altars and four ... all altars behind the hall. The eikons are painted on the hall's vault.

In 1982, the church was reconstructed by the government and reopened. The religious activities of the Catholic Church are very active now.

青岛天主教堂本名圣弥厄尔教堂,由德国设计师毕娄哈依据哥德式和罗马式建筑风格而设计。

拟建教堂应高百米,适逢二战爆发,希特勒严禁德国本土资金外流,该教堂不得不修改图纸,即建成现在规模。

教堂始建于1932年,于1934年竣工。

占地面积11480平方米,其中建筑面积6301.54平方米。

教堂平面呈拉丁“十”字形,正面高30米处设有平台,两侧有两座对称而又高耸的钟塔,高度为60米,塔内上部悬有4个巨大铜钟,钟声悠扬和谐。

大门上方有一巨大的玫瑰窗,两侧各耸立起一高4.5米的十字架。

该堂结构以钢筋混凝土与花岗石结合而成。

屋顶覆盖舌头红瓦,其气势庞大,且又古朴典雅。

教堂装饰系采用意大利文艺复兴时期形式。

堂内大厅高18米,宽敞明亮,顶棚悬有七个大吊灯,后方设有祭台,配之穹顶的圣像壁画,堪称庄严美观。

可容纳教徒千人,是青岛地区更大的哥特式建筑,也是中国唯一的祝圣教堂,同时也是基督教建筑艺术的杰作。

文革时,教堂受到严重破坏,1981年4月恢复使用,列为省级重点文物保护单位。

“文化大革命”首先革了教堂的命。

有一天,教堂尖顶扎了脚手架,据说是要锯掉十字架。

这消息传遍全市。

成千上万的人们,从窗口、从街头、从海滨、从山顶,看着几个小鬼似的人影爬上架子,在蔚蓝天空中拉开了锯子。

到晚上,传说从架子上摔下两人,当场死亡;又传,教堂中原存有一架中国仅有的大型管风琴,据说弾起来的话,全市都能听到其悠扬声音,但就是这样一件稀有之宝也被红卫兵砸毁了;翌日早上抬头去看教堂时,尖顶已光秃秃,犹如被剃了光头的罪犯,令人极不舒服,似乎整个环境也随之变丑了,变恶了。

不久之后,我偶尔路过教堂,看见被锯下的十字架,大吃一惊:那原先看去细如针的十字架,竟是一个比两个成人还高大的粗笨家伙。

后来这里成了一座仓库。

动乱过去,宗教信仰又得意自由,宗教财产又得到的恢复,塔楼上的两个十字架又重新 ... 安装上了。

现在,整修一新的天主教堂作为青岛最重要的宗教场所,不仅恢复了宗教活动,而且作为一座优秀的建筑文物对外开放,你只要花上几块钱,就可以进去参观这座宏伟的建筑。

在德国占领胶州之前的1870年代,西方各国在华的教会组织均由法国提供所谓的庇护。

1875年,以阿诺德·严森为首的部分德国天主教徒,摆脱了法国对欧洲天主教事务的控制,于荷兰纽斯河畔的斯泰尔成立了旨在培养海外传教士为目标的天主教斯泰尔修会。

1879年,修会开始派遣人员前往中国,这其中有个来自雷根斯堡教区普莱施泰因叫作约翰·巴普提斯特·安泽尔的28岁年轻神甫,此人就是之后德国在华最著名的传教士,占领胶州湾最主要的支持者安治泰。

安治泰于1880年在法国驻华机构的赞助下来到山东,而早在1839年来自意大利的方济各会已经开始在山东布道传教。

1881年,经罗马教廷批准,方济各会把山东南部的教务管理权交给了斯泰尔修会。

1897年11月1日深夜,正在钜野县磨盘张庄薛田资神父的教堂中留宿的传教士能方济和韩理被谋 ... ,这就是著名的“曹州教案”。

此时,安治泰正在柏林,他立即向德国 ... 建议,利用这个机会占领胶州湾。

14日,德国远东舰队占领胶州。

1898年3月6日,清 ... 割让胶州湾的《胶澳租借条约》在北京签订。

伴随着德国在胶州湾殖民统治的开始,圣言会也开始在胶澳设立教区。

1898年,圣言会获得了拨付的约3万平方米的土地,这块地皮在靠近大鲍岛华人街区一处高地上。

随后,安治泰委派的神甫白明德在此建造一座简易小教堂,开始接纳前来的天主教徒。

圣言会青岛会馆建造于1899-1902年,设计者是建筑师贝尔纳茨。

会馆朝向教堂立面外墙饰有一个独特的八角窗,位于道路交汇处建有两个造型各异的塔楼,风格流畅的外墙还融合了中国传统建筑的思路,一层的清水墙采用了中式的灰砖砌筑,但二层的风格却是纯欧式的。

主入口设在建筑的南侧,内有小型的祷告室和一个用来印制圣经教义的印刷所。

二层是白神甫的住所和其他房间,内院则是一个精巧的小花园。

圣言会会馆在日本围困青岛期间,曾暂时充作总督府卫戍医院的病房。

1934年10月,圣弥厄尔大教堂落成,会馆成为明德小学的用房。

基督教堂

Built in 1910, this church has a 39.10-meter tall bell tower and 18-meter high main hall. With its sandy yellow walls, and clay red tiles, it stands out among the grayish buildings that surround it. The church can hold a congregation of 1,000. Visitors can climb a steep staircase and get into the bell tower, where the clock still chimes on the hour.

Admission: RMB 3; RMB 4 (admission to bell tower)

自信号山俯瞰青岛 View of Tsingtao from the signal hill 1920ies日本 博文堂发行

图片来源: collect Postcards from Qingdao

这是一张1920年代,由日本博文堂印制的明信片。

图景是从信号山远望基督教堂以及东面的青岛街市。

基督教堂和它所在的高地正处于红瓦绿树的簇拥之中,远处的青岛湾中可以看到还没有回澜阁的栈桥。

根据1900—1901年德国殖民者修订的城市发展规划,这座位于信号山以西,总督府医院东南方向的小山头,此时已经被批准用于建造一座隶属于柏林福音教会的教堂。

1907年6月,柏林教会开始在远东各大城市的主要报刊刊登启事,广泛征集青岛基督教堂的设计方案,经过严格的筛选与比较,最终由德国建筑师库尔特·罗克格设计的方案被选中。

1908年4月19日,教堂正式开工建设。

青岛基督教堂为典型的中世纪塞堡式风格。

高耸的四棱曲线钟楼通高36米,顶部为优质含铅铜皮手工打制,楼内还设有旋转楼梯可直上塔顶,钟楼内置德国制造的两小一大机械报时钟,每逢整点准时自鸣。

钟楼的南侧与之相连的是一座可以容纳千人的礼拜堂,屋顶为蒙莎式,上覆红色筒瓦,礼拜堂的主入口处饰以粗石,是标准的罗马式风格,大厅地面为方形大理石板,上为装饰性图案。

厅内壁柱同样为大理石雕制,底座八角形,柱头斗形曲线。

堂内设置为信义会风格,设有祭台和供信徒祷告的长椅和跪凳。

1910年10月23日,这座优雅的建筑最终落成,教务工作由已经在青岛传教十余年信义会教士和士谦主持。

当教堂正式对教徒和游客开放后,就立即成为这座新兴的远东殖民城市中最为引人注目的标志性建筑和城市景观。

普特纳姆·维勒在1912年这样描述到:青岛就好像一座根植于中国荒野中的古老德国城市,看上去陌生、神秘……就像是在褐黄色背景下一块干净、透明刻有浮雕的宝石上树立着一点明亮有色、独特的建筑物……红绿色屋顶的房子,那些木制边框上粉刷着白色,房屋的上面在不固定的位置耸立着中世纪式样的小型塔楼。

厚重的房子露出花岗石,在它的后面是着绿漆的木造部分和柠檬色围墙合围的门廊和凉台。

所有这一切与其他许多优雅、迷人的景观结合在一起,一座高贵的德国教堂在这古老的风格里,使得整个画面毫不费力地融入朝阳之中,让人难以忘怀。

这是完美的西方色彩恰当地汇入了纯粹的东方文化中……

青岛基督教堂后来被美国基督教会接管,并对来自世界各国的信徒开放

给分啊~~~~O(∩_∩)O~

本文标题:青岛教堂英文简介

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