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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with tool use and pantomime actions. The current study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the neural mechanisms underlying these gestural difficulties. Thirty-one children with and without ASD (age (mean ± SE) = 11.0 ± 0.6) completed a naturalistic peg-hammering task using an actual hammer (hammer condition), pantomiming hammering actions (pantomime condition), and performing meaningless actions with similar joint motions (meaningless condition). Children with ASD exhibited poor praxis performance (praxis error: TD = 17.9 ± 1.7; ASD = 27.0 ± 2.6, p < 0.01), which was significantly correlated with their cortical activation (R = 0.257 to 0.543). Both groups showed left-lateralized activation, but children with ASD demonstrated more bilateral activation during all gestural conditions. Compared to typically developing children, children with ASD showed hyperactivation of the inferior parietal lobe and hypoactivation of the middle/inferior frontal and middle/superior temporal regions. Our findings indicate intact technical reasoning (typical left-IPL activation) but atypical visuospatial and proprioceptive processing (hyperactivation of the right IPL) during tool use in children with ASD. These results have important implications for clinicians and researchers, who should focus on facilitating/reducing the burden of visuospatial and proprioceptive processing in children with ASD. Additionally, fNIRS-related biomarkers could be used for early identification through early object play/tool use and to examine neural effects following gesture-based interventions.
中文翻译：
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童在使用工具和做哑剧动作方面存在困难。目前的研究利用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）来检查这些手势困难背后的神经机制。31 名患有和不患有 ASD 的儿童（年龄（平均值 ± SE）= 11.0 ± 0.6）使用实际的锤子（锤子条件）完成了自然主义的钉子锤击任务，哑剧锤击动作（哑剧条件），并以类似的方式执行无意义的动作关节运动（无意义的情况）。患有 ASD 的儿童表现出较差的实践表现（实践误差：TD = 17.9 ± 1.7；ASD = 27.0 ± 2.6，p < 0.01），这与其皮质激活显着相关（R = 0.257 至 0.543）。两组均表现出左偏激活，但患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童在所有手势条件下都表现出更多的双侧激活。与正常发育的儿童相比，患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童表现出顶下叶过度活跃以及中/下额叶和中/上颞区的低活跃。我们的研究结果表明，自闭症儿童在使用工具期间，技术推理（典型的左 IPL 激活）完整，但视觉空间和本体感觉处理（右 IPL 过度激活）不典型。这些结果对临床医生和研究人员具有重要意义，他们应该专注于促进/减轻自闭症儿童的视觉空间和本体感觉处理的负担。此外， |
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