2023年中考英语完形填空

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(共23张PPT)2023决战中考！寒假提高班!叁完形填空cloze通过分析天津近5年真题可知,阅读理解完形填空满分为10分，其中选项设空考察的词性有多种，其中占比比较高的是 动词、形容词和副词，其余为名词、连词、介词和代词等。整体难度不大，但要求学生有一定的词汇量。不过不用担心，高频考词我都已经为你们准备好啦！认真背一背，漏洞一扫而光！Fight!中考早知道动词 名词 形容词/副词 连词 介词 代词2018 50% 20% 10% 10% 10% 0%2019 20% 30% 40% 0% 0% 10%2020 20% 20% 40% 10% 0% 10%2021 40% 20% 10% 10% 10% 10%2022 40% 20% 30% 10% 0% 0%01 语境推断语境推断是完形填空中最主要的命题角度。整篇文章就是一个大语境,里面存在若干“微语境”。一般情况下,空格的前后多有暗示。同学们做题时,一定要联系上下文,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,梳理文段发展脉络,辨析所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。01 精讲方法1 利用语境暗示例1 There was a five-day art camp this summer. From the bottom of Alice's heart she wanted to 1 it，because she wanted to catch this chance to improve her drawing skills.剖析：根据“art camp”可知”it“指代艺术夏令营。1. A.attend B.refuse C.forget D. receive方法指导：解答此类试题，同学们首先要在空处前后找到与挖空句子相关联的句子;其次把设空处与相关联的句子意思联系起来理解,寻找关键词和信息;最后,利用已知信息并对照备选项，选出最符合语境的答案。根据”catch this chance to improve her drawing skills 可推知，Alice 想参加夏令营。故选A。语境推断是完形填空中最主要的命题角度。整篇文章就是一个大语境,里面存在若干“微语境”。一般情况下,空格的前后多有暗示。同学们做题时,一定要联系上下文,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,梳理文段发展脉络,辨析所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。01 精讲方法2 利用作者态度或感彩例2 Duringthe tour,I found it difficult to express the meaning of the artworks in English, but I tried my best. The smile on tourists faces showed the family enjoyed my guidance. They even praised me for my English. It made me feel 2 and proud of myself.剖析:根据"smile on tourists’faces”, "enjoyed my guidance"以及"praised me"可知游客们很满意我的引导,再根据"proud of myself可知作者是非常开心的。故选C。2. A.nervous B. worried C.happy D. surprised方法指导：解答此类试题,同学们首先可快速阅读文章，同时仔细找出能够反映作者态度或感彩的重要词汇，通常是名词、形容词、副词或动词:然后分析表示情感色彩的词与设空之间的联系;再结合语境并对照备选项选出最符合语境的答案。语境推断是完形填空中最主要的命题角度。整篇文章就是一个大语境,里面存在若干“微语境”。一般情况下,空格的前后多有暗示。同学们做题时,一定要联系上下文,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,梳理文段发展脉络,辨析所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。01 精讲方法3 利用文段发展脉络例3 When I grow up, I want to be a dancer. One day, such a job really appeared in front of me. I felt both excited and afraid. First，I picked my favorite song. Next, I tried out dance moves. For the soft part of the music, I waved(挥动) my arms like a bird.Then I watched many dance videos for more ideas. After I practiced many times, I thought I was 3 !剖析:通过画线部分可知作者为这项工作做了很多准备工作,并且多次练习,应该是为工作做好了准备。故选 B。3. A.lucky B. ready C. busy D.clever方法指导：文章的发展脉络一般以空间、时间、事件及作者的思想感情发展变化为线索。解答此类试题时，首先要紧跟文章发展脉络或作者的行为逻辑,思考和推理接下来要发生的行为或情境;其次再利用已有的备选项对照自己对故事发展的推理,选出正确答案。语境推断是完形填空中最主要的命题角度。整篇文章就是一个大语境,里面存在若干“微语境”。一般情况下,空格的前后多有暗示。同学们做题时,一定要联系上下文,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,梳理文段发展脉络,辨析所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。01 精讲方法4 利用首尾呼应关系例4 Laughter can help us be free from pain and increase our endurance(忍耐力). A study at 2011 Oxford University showed that telling a joke to a friend can help us do more exercise at the gym or go farther on our daily walk…剖析:根据画线部分内容可知,笑声对于人们摆脱疼痛和增加忍耐力有帮助,且后文再次提到与朋友在一起的好处。So, spending time with people whom we care about is the quickest and easiest way to help us be free from stress and 4 our health condition. It's pretty fun, too.剖析:文章最后一段指出与我们关心的人在一起度过时光的好处,印证了文章第一段提出的观点,首尾相互呼应,升华主题。故选 C。4. A. keep B.show C.improve D.record方法指导：完形填空中，通常会使用首尾呼应的方式，文章开头提出的观点,在文章结尾又一次论证,从而达到开头与结尾相互呼应、升华主题的效果。句首、句尾设空题可通过首尾呼应解答。同学们在遇到段首、段尾设空时,可利用首尾呼应关系.在文段开头或结尾找相关联的句子并分析，从而选出正确答案。02 词义复现词义复现是指某一词以原词、同/近义词，反义词，同根词，概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,从而使语篇中的句子通过这种关系得到相互衔接。01 精讲方法5 利用原词复现例1 One can't often remember what he has learned over time.剖析:根据"remember"可知此处指经过一段时间,语言学习者记不住之前学的内容,下文应是在向他人验证此情况,空处为 remember 的原词复现。故选 D。Let's be honest: Do you still 5 all the English words and expressions you learned last year Successful language learners go over the materials regularly.5. A. suggest B.discover C.accept D. remember方法指导：解题时，首先在文中找出与设空处所在句相关联的句子;其次对照已知选项与关联句,将句中出现过的和选项一样的单词圈出来;最后,将该词代人设空处，判断该词是否符合语境，选出正确答案。词义复现是指某一词以原词、同/近义词，反义词，同根词，概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,从而使语篇中的句子通过这种关系得到相互衔接。01 精讲方法6 利用同义词、近义词或反义词复现例6 The first thing we needed to do was working out a6 title for our yearbook. One suggested that we should call it“Sailing”,meaning that our middle school life flewfast. Another thought“Tree” was a better choice because of the way it grew.Finally, we came to an agreement that“Evergreen” was the most suitable(恰当的) name because we hoped our memories would stay forever.剖析:根据"the most suitable(恰当的)name”可知此处指找一个恰当的题目,结合选项可知"proper"是“suitable”的同义词复现。故选 B。6.A.natural B. proper C.similar D.useful方法指导：解题时,首先根据前后文语境或逻辑上可能存在的关系,找到与挖空处表达含义相同、相近或相反的表述;其次,利用这种同义、近义或反义关系,转换出表达相同、相近或相反意思的单词或短语，从而选出正确答案。词义复现是指某一词以原词、同/近义词，反义词，同根词，概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,从而使语篇中的句子通过这种关系得到相互衔接。01 精讲方法7 利用同义词、近义词或反义词复现例7 Wewere so shocked to know that this child had such pow erful energy. We were also surprised at his courage and ability.剖析:根据画线处可知,我们震惊于这个孩子具有强大的能量,也对于这个孩子的勇气和能力感到惊讶，故我们对于他能够被同学们不因异于常人的能力而区别对待这件事情也感到很惊讶，空处修饰"thing”,和 surprised 为同根词复现的关系。故选 D。But the most 7 thing was that the boy was accepted and treated by his classmates like common people.7.A.exciting B. relaxing C. interesting D. surprising方法指导：解题时,首先需根据前后文语境或逻辑上可能存在的对应关系,找到与挖空处表达含义相似的表述;其次,利用近义和同根形式.选出能表达出意思相似、词根相同的单词,最后将该词代人设空处判断该词是否符合语境。词义复现是指某一词以原词、同/近义词，反义词，同根词，概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,从而使语篇中的句子通过这种关系得到相互衔接。01 精讲方法8 利用代词复现例8 WhenIwas walking along the road, I found a ring near the hotel.I thought the owner must be very worried. I decided to hand it in to the 8 because they knew how to deal with it.剖析:根据代词 they 可知空处应是名词复数或者集体名词,分析选项可知,只有 police 为集体名词。故选 A。8.A. police B.managerC. worker D. teacher方法指导：代词复现指的是在文中,作者为了避免重复，而使用代词进行指代。解题时,首先,我们找到挖空处前后语句中的代词;其次,明确代词所指代的事物;最后,判断代词指代的关系与挖空处内容是否一致，从而找出正确答案。03 逻辑推理逻辑推理指的是通过分析句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,推断出正确选项的方法。常见的逻辑关系主要有:并列关系(and),转折关系(but，yet，however,while...),顺序关系(be foreafterthen...),让步关系(although，though...),因果关系(so，because，for...),条件关系(if，unless...).递进关系(besides, what's more, in addition to...)等。01 精讲方法9 利用逻辑关系例4 Mickey was really good at football at a very young age. Everyone believed he would be a star player until a bad day came into him-he got an illness. The doctors took away Mickey's two hands and legs to save him. The little boy had to leave his team 9 he couldn't play football any more.剖析:空处连接两个分句,空前内容是"离开球队”,空后内容是"不能踢球""不能踢球"是"离开球队”的原因。故选 D。To everyone's surprise, Mickey didn't sayanything hopeless. Though he was in a bad situation,he 10 thought about giving up. Instead, he worked hard with the artificial(人造的) hands and legs.剖析:根据Though可知此处为让步关系,两分句之间为转折关系,前面讲述处于糟糕状况,后面讲述与放弃有关的内容,应该是他从未想过放弃。故选A。9. A. if B. though C. unless D. because10. A.never B.sometimes C. often D.usually方法指导：此类试题可分为以下两种情况:1. 选项为逻辑词首先,浏览选项，判定题型。当空前和空后都是一个完整的句子时,挖空处需要填一个逻辑词。然后，分析空格前后分句句意,判定逻辑关系。最后，找出该逻辑关系的恰当表述，锁定正确答案。2.空格前后有逻辑词首先,扫读空格前后，发现逻辑词。然后，根据逻辑词提示，确定该关系中一方的信息。最后,判断另一方的信息，锁定正确答案。04 语法知识语法知识是全国中考完形填空题型考查的难点。针对完形填空中的语法类题目,不仅要理解上下文之间的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地思考和分析句子的语法结构、句式特点.弄明白设空处需要填入的词在句子里作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采用什么形式等。01 精讲方法10 利用语法结构例10 My favourite sport is skateboarding(滑板). And I often go skateboarding with my friends. One day, I went up on the edge of the half-pipe(U形滑道)，The 11 I got to the edge,the more I was excited about it. I rushed down and sped up to the剖析:分析句子结构可知此处考查"the+比较级...the+比较级…”,空处应填比较级。故选 B。opposite side. Patrick cheered, “ 12 great you are!”When I played at the second circle, my skateboard suddenly got away剖析:根据句尾标点“!"可知此处考查感叹句,空后中心词为形容词,应用how。故选C。fromme!I hurt badly. Then my classmates sent me to the hospi- tal quickly.By the time I returned to the skate park again, I was afraid to stand at the edge. Then I read a big sign 13 was painted剖析:分析句子结可知此处需要关系词修饰名词短语abig sign,先行词为物,且在从句中作主语。故选 D。on thewall:NOFEAR. I thought about those words for a while.“Don't worry. You can do it. Just keep 14 .”Patrick also said剖析:此处考查固定用法 keep doing sth.。故选C。softly.I focused on(集中) the board and rushed down.I feltgood.I knew Patrick's words made a difference. From this experience,I learned that there is nothing to fear and we should be brave enough to have a try.11. A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest12. A. What B.What a C.How D. How a13. A. what B. who C. when D. that14. A. try B. tries C. trying D. to try语法知识是全国中考完形填空题型考查的难点。针对完形填空中的语法类题目,不仅要理解上下文之间的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地思考和分析句子的语法结构、句式特点.弄明白设空处需要填入的词在句子里作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采用什么形式等。01 精讲方法指导完形填空中选择各类词及句法时,要注意以下几个方面:(1)选择动词,要注意词义和惯用搭配.还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。(2)选择名词,应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词,注意词性和数的一致。(3)选择介词,应注意其惯用法,特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。(4)选择代词,要考虑代词的人称、数和格及代词如何与其他词配合使用问题。(5)选择连词,要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。(6)选择形容词和副词,要注意词义的区别,用于比较时,还要注意词形变化。(7)选择冠词,要注意冠词所修饰名词表示泛指还是特指。(8)选择定语从句关系词.要注意关系词修饰的先行词是人还是物及在从句中所作成分。(9)针对感叹句,要看中心词是形容词还是名词。05 生活常识此类试题需要同学们利用生活中的常识(经验)进行判断,因此在日常生活中,同学们应多积累一些生活经验,并且多了解一些文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。做题时结合实际选择正确答案。01精讲方法11 利用生活常识、文化背景例11 Small wounds need loving care and enough time to recover(恢复).Luckily, you can manage most small wounds without visiting a 15 . So it'simportant to know some first-aid knowledge. 剖析:根据画线部分可知此处描述在遇到身体上的创伤时应如何处理,结合"出现生病或者因伤导致的问题应及时就医"的生活常识可知,此处指小的可以自行治愈的伤口是不需要去医院的。故选A。15.A. hospital B.school C.house D. bank方法指导：同学们在做题时，首先要理解句子所要表达的含义:其次,要积极调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，对照已给选项，选出符合生活常识的答案。要特别注意某些语篇中出现的中西文化差异。06 固定搭配固定搭配需要结合句意并利用常用句型及习惯表达来直接选择答案。同学们平时应积累动词短语、介词短语、固定句型等固定搭配。右侧二维码罗列出中考常考固定搭配供同学们积累。01精讲方法12 利用固定短语、句型例15 According to some research, eating chocolate can make us feel happy. Of course, it will be harmful 16 our health if we eat too much.16.A.to B.for C.about D. in方法指导：在解答有关固定搭配类试题时，同学们应先分析空处句子的含义，然后观察空处前后寻找相关线索，进行有效的推断,从而选出最佳答案。因此，同学们应注重平时积累,总结规律。剖析:根据画线部分内容可知,此处考查固定短语"be harmful to 对……有害"。故选A.单击此处添加文本具体内容THANKS

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