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Action/Litigation/Suit Proceedings/Procedure 上述单词均有“诉讼”的含义。 action,litigation和 proceedings都为一般术语,可指各种诉讼案件。但action则逐渐演变,现在多用于指民事诉讼了,因而有 action is a mode of proceeding的说法。如果要表示刑事诉讼,多应在action前面加criminal予以区分。litigation 除了指诉讼之外,还有诉讼程序的含义,如 Civil Litigation便为《民事诉讼程序》,是一本有关英国民事诉讼程序的专著。suit是 lawsuit的简略形式,主要用于指民事诉讼。传统上,action和suit之间的差异在于 action指普通法法院的诉讼,其程序到法院判决( judgment)即终止;而suit则为衡平法法院的用语,其程序包括判决和执行( judgment and execution)的。在美国,这两个单词的差异因衡平法法院和普通法法院的合并已经不再存在。procedure主要是指诉讼程序,如 criminal procedure code(刑事诉讼法典)等。 01 Action n. 1、诉讼(可指民事或刑事诉讼),行动,行为。 2、起诉,提起诉讼的。 相关词汇: Action agency诉讼代办所 Action agenda(议会等对议案的)审议表决日程表 Action of conversion对侵占行为的遗产提起的诉讼 英文释义: 1. The process of doing something; conductor behavior. 2. A thing done. 3. Patents. ——Black’s Law Dictionary 02 Litigation n. 1、诉讼(尤指在普通法法院即 court of law争辩的案件,是为实现法定权利或维持某种法律救济而实施的种民事法律行为,为普通法上的诉讼即 legal action)。 2、诉讼程序。 相关词汇: Litigation administrator诉讼事务管理人 Litigation bond诉讼保证 Litigation costs胜诉费 英文释义: 1. The process of carrying on a lawsuit. 2. A lawsuit itself. ——Black’s Law Dictionary 03 Suit n. (普通法法院提起的)诉讼(一般指民事诉讼),申诉,起诉,控告,案件,请(恳)求,求婚。 相关词汇: Suit money诉讼费用 Suit papers诉讼文件 Suit between corporations公司之间的诉讼 Suit for contract关于合同(或契约)的诉讼 英文释义: Any proceeding by a party or parties against another in a court of law. ——Black’s Law Dictionary 04 Proceedings n. 行动,经过,处置,(诉讼)程序 相关词汇: Proceedings for nuisance排除妨害的诉讼 Proceedings for trespass 排除侵犯行为的诉讼 Proceedings in persona对人诉讼 Proceedings in rem对物诉讼 英文释义: 1. The regular and orderly progression of a lawsuit including all acts and events between the time of commencement and the entry of judgment. 2. An procedural means for seeking redress from a tribunal or agency. 3. An act or step that is part of a larger action. 4. The business conducted by a court or other official body; a hearing. 5. Bankruptcy. A particular dispute or matter arising within a pending case. ——Black’s Law Dictionary 05 Procedure n. 程序,手续,程序规则,诉讼规则 相关词汇: Procedure for appeal上诉程序 Procedure of attachment拘留程序 英文释义: 1. A specific method or course of action. 2. The judicial rule or manner for carrying on a civil lawsuit or criminal prosecution. ——Black’s Law Dictionary (本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权) |
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