详解不定积分的分部积分法 您所在的位置:网站首页 分部积分法的优先级顺序 详解不定积分的分部积分法

详解不定积分的分部积分法

2024-07-07 03:33| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

不定积分的分部积分法我们并不陌生,但是不一定用的很好,很多小伙伴也都知道“反对幂三指”或者“反对幂指三”的口诀,但是在实际解题当中不是很会用,今天就给大家详细讲解一下分部积分.

首先说一下分部积分的公式:%5Cint%20u%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20v%3Du%20v-%5Cint%20v%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20u往往是后面的这个%5Cint%20v%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20u好计算,所以我们利用对%5Cint%20v%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20u的计算来计算%5Cint%20u%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20v

其次,讲解一下什么是“反对幂三指”原则,“反对幂三指”指的是反三角函数,对数函数,幂函数,三角函数,指数函数.uv是反对幂三指其中的两个,那么我们优先把排名靠前的当成u,反对幂三指也就是说把谁当成u都可以。下面看几道例题,通过实战检测一下自己掌握的如何.

例题1(1994年数3)%5Ctext%20%7B%20%E6%B1%82%20%7D%20%5Cint%20x%5E%7B3%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x

首先我们看有幂函数和指数函数,所以把幂函数看成u,因此

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%5Cint%20x%5E%7B3%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%20%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cint%20x%5E%7B2%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%5Cleft(%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5Cright)%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20x%5E%7B2%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cint%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%5Cleft(x%5E%7B2%7D%5Cright)%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20x%5E%7B2%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%2BC%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5Cleft(x%5E%7B2%7D-1%5Cright)%2BC%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

例题2(1998年数3,4)%5Ctext%20%7B%20%E6%B1%82%20%7D%20%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20x-1%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x

首首先我们看有对数函数和幂函数,所以把对数函数看成u,因此

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20x-1%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%20%26%3D%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20x%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cint%20%5Cln%20x%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%5Cright)%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cln%20x%2B%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D(%5Cln%20x)%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cln%20x%2B%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cln%20x%2BC%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

当然如果对于被积函数分子%5Cln%20x-1足够敏感的话,这道题还可以如下解法:

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20x-1%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%20%26%3D-%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B(%5Cln%20x)%5E%7B%5Cprime%7D%20x-%5Cln%20x%20%5Ccdot(x)%5E%7B%5Cprime%7D%7D%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cint%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%20x%7D%7Bx%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B%5Cprime%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Bd%7D%20x%20%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%20%5Cln%20x%2BC%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

例题3(2006年数2)%5Ctext%20%7B%20%E6%B1%82%20%7D%20%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x

首先我们看有反三角函数和指数函数,所以把反三角函数看成u,因此

%0A%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%26%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20x%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cint%20%5Coperatorname%7Barcsine%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cint%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Cmathrm%7B~d%7D%5Cleft(%5Carcsin%20%5E%7Bx%7D%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7Bd%7D%20x%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B1-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%20x%7D%7D%7D%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7Bd%7D%20x%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B1-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%20x%7D%7D%7D%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cint%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%7Bd%7D%20t%7D%7Bt%5E%7B2%7D-1%7D%20%5Ctext%20%7B%2C%E4%BB%A4%7D%5Csqrt%7B1-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%20x%7D%7D%3Dt%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%2Bt%7D%7B1-t%7D%2BC%5C%5C%0A%26%3D-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B-x%7D%20%5Carcsin%20%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7Bx%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cln%20%5Cfrac%7B1%2B%5Csqrt%7B1-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%20x%7D%7D%7D%7B1-%5Csqrt%7B1-%5Cmathrm%7Be%7D%5E%7B2%20x%7D%7D%7D%2BC%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D%0A

怎么样,你现在掌握分部积分了吗?



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