最近很火的“内卷化”,用英文怎么说? 您所在的位置:网站首页 内卷用英语怎么表达的 最近很火的“内卷化”,用英文怎么说?

最近很火的“内卷化”,用英文怎么说?

2024-07-17 03:11| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life, be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students, have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcaneacademic term: involution.

在过去的几个月里,来自各行各业的中国人,无论是软件开发人员、全职妈妈还是优秀的大学生,都发现自己的日常生活可以用同样一个曾经晦涩难懂的学术术语来准确描述:内卷化。

Originally used by anthropologists to describe self-perpetuating processes that keep agrarian societies from progressing, involution has become a shorthandused by Chinese urbanites to describe the ills of their modern lives: Parents feel intense pressure to provide their children with the very best; children must keep up in the educational rat race; office workers have to clock in a grinding number of hours.

“内卷化”最初被人类学家用来描述阻碍农业社会进步的自我延续过程,现在已经成为中国城市居民用来描述他们现代生活弊端的一种含蓄的说法:要给孩子提供最好的东西,家长们感到巨大的压力;孩子们必须要跟上教育界的激烈竞争;上班族必须打卡去上很长时间、难熬的班。

1. all walks of life 各行各业

walk of life这个词作可数名词,表示the position in society someone has, especially the type of job they have from every,社会阶层、(尤指)行业、职业,常用搭配为walk of life/from all walks of life,例:Our volunteers include people from all walks of life. 我们的志愿者包括各界人士。

2. once-arcane

此时once作副词,表示at some time in the past, but not now,曾经、以前,常用搭配为once-great/proud etc,例:It was sad to see the once-great man looking so frail. 看到曾经的伟人如此虚弱,真让人难过。

arcane /ɑːˈkeɪn/,这个形容词可表示secret and known or understood by only a few people,秘密的、晦涩难懂的,例:the arcane language of the law 晦涩难懂的法律语言

3. shorthand

这个词作不可数名词,可表示a shorter but less clear way of saying something,简单含糊的说法,其后常接介词for,例:He’s been ‘relocated’, which is shorthand for ‘given a worse job a long way away’. 他已经被“重新安置”,这是一个简单含蓄的说法,其实就是“被派到很远的地方作更差的工作”。

Involution can be understood as the opposite of evolution. The Chinese word, neijuan, is made up of the characters for ‘inside’ and ‘rolling,’ and is more intuitively understood as something that spirals in on itself, a process that traps participants who know they won’t benefit from it.

内卷化可以理解为进化的对立面。中文中的“内卷”由“内”和“卷”两个字组成,可以更直观地理解为一种自身螺旋状的东西,这是一个让参与者陷入困境的过程,他们知道自己不会从中受益。

In a sense, it’s the latest word for the negative side of China’s cutthroat society, similar to sang, the mentality of people who have turned apathetic by incessant competition, or the various memes people use to decry their intensely boring white-collar jobs. But involution’s academic roots and its widespread application suggest the word, to many, captures something more fundamental.

从某种意义上来说,这是反映中国残酷社会消极一面的最新词汇,类似于“丧”,即人们因不断的竞争而变得冷漠的心态,抑或是类似于人们用来谴责自己极其无聊的白领工作的各种表情包。但对很多人来说,内卷化的学术根源及其广泛的应用表明,这个词抓住了一些更根本的东西。

1. in a sense

这个词组表示in one way, in some ways etc,从某种意义上来讲,例:What he says is right, in a sense. 他所说的是对的,从某种意义上来讲。

2. a cut-throat society

这个形容词表示a cut-throat activity or business involves people competing with each other in an unpleasant way,竞争激烈的、残酷竞争的,例:Cut-throat competition is keeping prices low. 激烈的竞争使加个保持在低水平。

3. incessant /ɪnˈsesənt/

这个词作形容词,往往用在名词前,表示continuing without stopping,持续不断的、没完没了的,其同义词为constant,例:The child’s incessant talking started to irritate her. 这孩子喋喋不休,她开始烦躁起来。

打工人,打工魂,打工都是人上人。“内卷”是打工人无可奈何的困境之一。作为老打工人,除了内卷,我们还在面对什么?

“996”

work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week/996 work schedule

例: Many youths in internet companies work a 996 schedule.

很多互联网公司的年轻人过着996的生活。

朝九晚五

9-to-5 / nine to five

因为美国上班族的工作时间多半从早上九点到下午五点,所以office worker在俚语里又叫做9-to-5er。

例:Tired of the routine life of being a 9-to-5er, Jenny became a backpacker after she retired.

Jenny厌倦了上班族一成不变的生活,在退休后成为背包客。

加班

work overtime / do overtime

这是加班最常见的说法,也可以直接讲它的缩写“OT”。

另外,overtime除了有“加班”的意思,也可以代表“加班费”。

轮班

轮班的英文是shift,所以work (in) shifts指的就是“轮班工作、值班”,如果想请人代班,则可以用take one's shift来表达。

day shift / regular shift 日班

night shift 小夜班

graveyard shift 大夜班

例:

A: I have to work double shifts tomorrow.

B: I'm on day shifts.

A: Can you take my shift?

A:我明天要值两班。

B:我是早班的。

A:你能帮我代班吗?

如今,“内卷”早已超过“停滞不前”这层概念,由“恶意竞争”所导致的生活之难被无限放大。人类学家项飙解读道:“如果说原来内卷指的是一个重复的,没有竞争的,不能摆脱农耕社会这么一个结构性格局,今天的内卷是一个陀螺式的死循环,我们要不断地抽打自己,让自己这么空转,是非常耗能的。”

如何缓解内卷焦虑的思维方式?项飙提出两种途径: 一个是想细,比如究竟是在哪些环节,让你感到焦虑;另外一个就是想开,把自我对象化了,明白现在的生活样式是暂时的,没有什么非要如此的道理。

希望,我们每个人都能用“想细想开”的方法,走出内卷化困境,回归向上勃发的新常态上来。

来源:外刊看世界、Sixth Tone、外研社、普林斯顿读书汇及中译公司返回搜狐,查看更多



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