初中英语语法第2集

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1、初中英语语法第2集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题初中英语语法English Grammar（本集第四至五章，第四章、代词。第五章、数词。有详细的基础知识复习与总结；有中考真题欣赏，有答案与解析；有配套练习题及答案或者答案解析。）前言 本资料为初中英语语法，为初中英语语法学习者准备，内容具体，简单易懂。是本人这个暑假参考语法书籍进行整编，并于暑期社会实践初中英语家教作为教案材料。现与广大好友分享！目录第一章 构词法（word-formation）第二章 名词（Nouns）第三章 冠词（Articles）第四章 代词（Pronouns）第五章 数词（Numerals）第六章 形容词（Adje

2、ctives）第七章 副词（Adverbs）第八章 介词（Prepositions）第九章 动词（Verbs）第十章 动词的时态（Tenses）第十一章 动词的语态（Voices）第十二章 限定动词与非限定动词（Finite and Non-finite Verbs）第十三章 简单句（The simple sentences）第十四章 It的用法（The use of “it”）第十五章 并列句（The compound sentences）第十六章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-宾语从句第十七章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-状语从句第

3、十八章 主从复合句（The complex sentences）-定语从句*第四章 代词（Pronouns）代词 分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词。1. 人称代词1） 人称代词的形式（用来指人的代词）人称代词有主格和宾格，有单复数形式单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouYou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem2） 人称代词主格的用法 作主语 e.g. Im a student. You are a teacher. We all work very hard. 作表语，用在“It who(

4、that)”结构中 e.g. Its she who has been wrong.3） 人称代词宾格的用法 作及物动词的宾语 e.g. Tell himher to call back a little later. 作介词宾语 e.g. This pen is bad. I cant write with it. 作表语 人称代词作表语时，通常要用宾格 e.g. Who is knocking at the door? Its me. 4） 使用人称代词需注意的几个问题主语是并列的几个人称时，应将you放在最前，I放在最后 e.g. You, she and I are all inter

5、ested in the story.she通常可以用来代替国家、船只、大地、月亮等it有时也可指人（尤其是婴儿） e.g. Look at the poor little child. It has just fallen down.2物主代词（表示所有关系的代词） 1） 物主代词的形式单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineYourshisheritsoursyourstheirs2） 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词只能做定语，修饰名词 e.g. his ho

6、bby our plan名词性物主代词可作主语、标语和宾语A.作主语 e.g. That isnt my car. Mine is being repaired.B.作表语 e.g. Is this your book or mine?C.作宾语 e.g. You may use my umbrella. Ill use hers.D.“of+名词性物主代词”可以做定语，相当于名词的双重所有格 e.g. Is he a neighbor of yours?3. 反身代词（用来表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”等意义的代词） 1） 反身代词的形式单数复数第一人称myselfourselves

7、第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves2） 反身代词的作用作宾语（及物动词或介词的宾语）表示动作承受者是动作执行者自己 e.g. Let me introduce myself.作表语 e.g. Im not quite myself these days.作主语或宾语的同位语，起加强语气的作用，表示“亲自本人”e.g. The boy himself made the model plane.1. 指示代词（用来指示或标示人或物的一类代词）this that these those it such same so等1）

8、 this, that, these, those的用法作主语 e.g. This is a good idea.作宾语 e.g. I shall take those.作定语 e.g. I like those flowers.作表语 e.g. What I want to say is this.2） such（如此的，这样的）和same（同样的，一样的）作指示代词的用法 such可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。Such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在such之后。A.作定语 e.g. The foreign visitors said they had neve

9、r seen such a beautiful scenery before.B.作主语 e.g. Such is our plan for the coming holiday.C.作宾语 e.g. Last before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such.D.作表语 e.g. The waves were such as I had never seen before. same可作定语主语表语和宾语.在same前必须加定冠词theA. 作定语 e.g. My friend came by the same train as yo

10、u.B. 作主语 e.g. The same can be seen if you do the experiment once again.C. 作宾语 e.g. We must all say the same.D. 作表语 e.g. Its all the same to me.3） so作宾语和表语的用法 作宾语 e.g. I will write today. Do so. 作表语 e.g. Be it so.这样就行。注：so常可用在省略句中 e.g. I dont like him. Why so? = Why is that so?so常置于句首 e.g. oh！Ive fin

11、ished. So have I.4） it作指示代词的用法 翻译的时候，不必翻出来 e.g. Oh, its you, Lao Li. 噢，是你啊，老李。5.相互代词（表示相互关系的代词，有each other和one another两个） 1）相互代词的形式主格和宾格所有格each other（一般指两个人或物）each others 彼此的one another（一般指两个以上的人或物）one anothers 彼此的2） 相互代词的用法 作宾语 e.g. Weve know each other for many years. You should listen to one anot

12、her a bit more. 相互代词的所有格形式只能作定语 e.g. We are interested in one anothers work. The students corrected each others mistakes in their homework.6.疑问代词（用来构成特殊疑问句的代词） 常见的有who作主语和表语, whom作宾语, whose, what, which可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。疑问代词有格的变化，有指人指物的区别1） 疑问代词的形式主格宾格所有格指人WhoWhomWhose指物WhatWhose指人或指物WhichWhose2） 疑问代词在句

13、中的作用 作主语 e.g. Whos in dining-room? 作表语 e.g. Who is she? 作宾语 e.g. Whom are you writing to? 作定语 e.g. Whose book is this?7.不定代词（来替代任何不定数量或范围的人和事物，有名词和形容词的作用，可作主、宾、表、定） 1）one的用法 指不定人称时，表示“人”译为：一个人、人人 其反身代词为oneself，物主代词为ones e.g. One has to do ones best.人人都要尽力而为。 代替前面出现过的可数名词，以免出现重复，复数形式ones，可与冠词连用，可以有自己

14、的定语 e.g. Please pass me the book, the one on the top shelf. 2）some，any的用法 some和any都可在句中做主语、宾语和定语。Some常用在肯定句中，any常用在疑问句和否定句中 e.g. My son needs some colour paper. Have you got any? any用于肯定句，表示强调，意为“任何” e.g. Any students can ask me any questions at any time. Some也可用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答e.g. Woul

15、d you like some coffee? some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样e.g. I have something important to tell you. 3）many，much，(a) few，(a) little的用法含义 用法与可数名词连用与不可数名词连用许多manymuch一些a fewa little几乎没有fewlittle4） another, other, others, the other, the others的用法 another(=an other)表示“别的”，“另一个”，泛指众多中的一个，一般

16、后面接单数名词，前面不加定冠词 e.g. This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one? the other表示两个中的一个，常与one连用，onethe othere.g. I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue. other+名词=others（别的） e.g. Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV. the other+名词=the others（其余的，相当于

17、the rest）e.g. Some of the students are from the north. The others(=the other students) are from the south. 5）every和each的用法 都是“每一个”的意思 形式上都是单数，区别如下：every只能作定语，而each兼有形容词和名词的作用，可作主、定、宾和同位语从数量上看，each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个，而every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个 6）both，all，neither，none，either的用法neither指两者中的“任何中的一个都不”，是单数；none

18、指三者以上中的“任何一个都不”，可以单数也可复数；either指“两个中的任何一个”，有肯定意义。8.关系代词（用来引导定语从句的代词，有who，whom，whose，which） who，whom指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语 that指物，在定于从句中作主语或宾语 which指物，在定于从句中作主语或宾语 whose可以指人也可以指物，在定于从句中作主语 *2012中考真题欣赏【2012福建福州】32. Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its_. Thank you. A. my B. mine C. me【答案】B【解析】选B。考查代词的用

19、法。my为形容词性物主代词意为“我的”；mine为名词性物主代词意为“我的”；me为人称代词的宾格意为“我”。名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，此句的答语句意为：它是我的书包，因此需要用mine代替my schoolbag。故选B。【2012福建福州】38. Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook_for me during my stay in Canada.A. something different B. anything different C. noting different【答案】A 【解析】选A。考查不定代词的用法

20、。something一般用于肯定句，anything一般用于否定句。当形容词修饰不定代词时需后置。句意为：“布朗夫人很好，我呆在加拿大期间她每天给我做不同的饭”。故选A。【2012福建福州】38. Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook_for me during my stay in Canada.A. something different B. anything different C. noting different【答案】A 【解析】选A。考查不定代词的用法。something一般用于肯定句，anything一般用于否定句。当形

21、容词修饰不定代词时需后置。句意为：“布朗夫人很好，我呆在加拿大期间她每天给我做不同的饭”。故选A。【2012贵州贵阳】33. Its polite to take _ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend. A. little B. any C. some 【答案】C考查代词的用法。little意为“一些，一点”，修饰不可数名词；any意为“一些”，一般用在否定句中或疑问句中；some意为“一些”，一般用在肯定句中。根据句意：当你去拜访朋友时，带着一些花作为礼物，这是很有礼貌的。故选C 【2012.安徽省】31. - How is He

22、len in the new school?- She is doing very well. There is _ to worry about.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】C【2012.安徽省】37. - Whose pen is this? - Oh, its _. I was looking for it everywhere. A. you B. yours C. me D. mine 【答案】D【2012.安徽省】44. -We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which c

23、olor do you like? - Im afraid_. 1 think blue will be OK.A. bothB. eitherC. neither D. none 【答案】C【2012北京】22. The lovely girl is from Class6. _ name is Alice. A. Her B. HisC.YourD. Its【答案】A【2012北京】24. There were only two paintings for sale and he bought _. A. allB. anyC. bothD. some【答案】C【2012甘肃鸡西市】26.

24、 Ill take_of the cameras, one is for my brother, the other is for Jim.A. eitherB. bothC. all 【答案】B【2012广东】27. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite.A. AllB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither【答案】B【2012广西玉林】30. -Sam, who teachers _Chinese? -Mrs. Whit

25、e. She has lived in China for years. _ Chinese is very good. A. you; Her B. your; Hers C. you; Him D. your; She【答案】A 【2012贵州安顺】11. Would you please lend me _ English book? _ isnt here.Ayour; IByou; MyCyours; Mine Dyour; Mine【答案】D【2012贵州安顺】15.Would you like to have _ coffee? No, thanks. I dont want _

26、 drinks now. Aany; anyBany; someCsome; someDsome; any【答案】D【2012贵州毕节】21. Please give _ English book to her.A. me B. I C. mine D. my【答案】D 考查代词的用法。根据句意“请把我的英语书给她”可知此处修饰English book应该使用形容词性的物主代词，故选D。 【2012贵州铜仁】22. My English is so poor, please help_ to improve it.A. me B. I C. my D. mine 【 答案】A【解析】此题考代词

27、。me是I的宾格形式，I是主格，my是形容词性物主代词，mine是名词性物主代词。help sb to do sth表示“帮助某人干某事”，此处需要人称代词，help是动词，此处需要其宾格形式。故选A。【2012贵州铜仁】24 Where is my pen? Oh, sorry, I have taken_ by mistake.A. yours B. mine C. hers D. his【答案】A【解析】此题考物主代词。yours“你的”，mine“我的”，hers”她的”，his“他的”，四个选项都是名词性无助代词。根据句意：我的钢笔在哪里？对不起。我错拿了你的。空格中表示your p

28、en。故需要一个名词性物主代词。故选A。【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】26. Ill take _of the cameras, one is for my brother, the other is for Jim.A. eitherB. bothC. all 【答案】B【2012湖北荆州】25. Is your father or mother a teachers? . My father is a doctor and my mother is an office worker. A. BothB. EitherC. NeitherD. None【答案】C【2012湖北十堰】27. Mar

29、y and Gina are my cousins. _ father works in Dongfeng Company. A. TheirB. TheyC. ThemD. Theirs【答案】A【2012湖北随州】22. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? _, thanks. Id like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C.Both D. None 【答案】B【2012湖北武汉】39. When the Greens moved into the ho

30、use last week, _ was at sixes and sevens, so they did a big cleaning.A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 【答案】B【2012湖北咸宁】22.Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? _. I enjoy chatting on-line. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None【答案】A【2012湖北咸宁】30.Are thes

31、e CDs _? No, they are not mine. They belong to _. A. your; her B. yours; herC. you; hers D. yours; she【答案】B【2012湖北孝感】23. I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed at the dancing party.A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves【答案】D【2012湖北宜昌】29. Will you go to the London Olympic Games with your s

32、ister? Dad can only afford one ticket, so of us has to stay at home. A. either B. all C. both D. neither 【答案】A 【2012湖南怀化】【答案】C【2012湖南永州】22. With _ help, we finished our work on time.A. they B. them C. their【答案】C【2011湖南株洲】24. The students are helping the old man clean _ house now.A. her B. him C. his

33、【答案】C考查代词辨析。Her可以做宾格“她”，可以作形容词性物主代词“她的”；him作宾格“他”；his作名词性物主代词“他的（东西）”或形容词性物主代词“他的”。根据句意“学生在帮助老人打扫他的房间。”故选C。【2012江苏淮安】2. Han Han is very popular among the teenagers. We all like .A. himB. heC. hisD. himself【答案】A【2012江苏连云港】5.Have you bought for Lindas birthday? Not exactly. Just some flowers A. someth

34、ing unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything【答案】B【2012江苏南京】2. I think can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】C*配套练习题及答案代词专项练习 （1）( ) 1. Open the door, please! Its .A. I B. my C. m

35、e D. mine( ) 2. _ have known each other for 15 years.A. He and I B. I and He C. You and him D. You and me( ) 3. He lost his book. Will you lend him _. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself( ) 4. Wont you let_ help you?A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. me and he( ) 5. “Here i

36、s a pair which fits”. “Could I _?”A. put it on B. try on them C. put on them D. try them on ( ) 6. Thats not_, it is _. I made it _. A. yours, her, myself B. yours, mine, myself C. yours, my, myself D. you, mine, my( ) 7. The sentence_ is not wrong.A. himself B. myself C. it D. itself( ) 8. The girl

37、 dresses_ when she gets up.A. her B. she C. himself D. herself( ) 9. _ these girls do you know?A. Who are B. Which of C. What D. How many( ) 10. _ is he? He is an economist.A. Who B. Whom C. What D. Which( ) 11. Our feeling was_. A. the same as they B. same as they C. the same as theirs D. same as t

38、heirs( ) 12. Who is that boy? _. A. He is a student B. He is a worker C. He is her brother D. He is tall( )13. This dinning chair is different from_.A. ones B. your C. that one D. that( )14. The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Nanjing.A. that B. one C. this D. those( ) 15. Everyone should

39、 be careful of _ pronunciation.A. their B. ones C. our D. his( ) 16. There isnt_ work for you to do.A. some B. any C. a D. one ( ) 17. Why not try_ local dishes in a downtown restaurant? A. some B. any C. many D. a little( ) 18. He often helped others; he never thought of _.A. myself B. him C. himse

40、lf D. me( ) 19. You like this but I like_. A. this B. these C. those D. that ( ) 20. _ hat is this? A. Whos B. Whose C. Whom D. Who ( ) 21. I invited Tom and Jane to dinner, but_ of them came.A. neither B. either C. both D. none( ) 22. Is_ here? No, Xiao Wang is in the library.A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody( ) 23. Is there_ wrong with your TV?A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( ) 24. Both of these are interesting books. You can borrow_ of them.A. some B. any C. either D. no ( ) 25. There are two windows in the room. They _ face east. A. all