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语态只有两种,主动语态和被动语态,且形成被动语态的动词一定是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态,你就得会区分哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的,特别是一词多义的动词,大家学习过程中要多积累,忘记怎么区分动词的同学可以回头去看第5期《动词的分类》 主动语态与被动语态的区别: 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态 例:He killed her(他杀了她) 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态 例:She was killed by him(她被他杀了) 被动语态的构成 在16种时态中,有几种时态没有或无法形成被动语态,因此现代英语中常用的被动语态只有10种,如下图 分别举例说明:一般时 一般现在时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/sre + p.p(动词的过去分词,下同) He is loved by everyone(他受到大家的爱戴) I am asked to study hard(我被要求努力学习) 一般过去时的被动语态:主语 + was + P.P The book was written by him(这本书是他写的) He was seen dancing yesterday(他昨天跳舞被看到了) 一般将来时的被动语态:主语 + will be +P.P The naughty boy will be punished by his mother(这个顽皮的男孩会被他妈妈惩罚) He will be elected president next year(下一年他将会被选为主席) 一般过去将来时的被动语态:主语 + would be + P.P He said he would be dispatched to Syria.(他说他会被派遣到叙利亚) 进行时 现在进行时的被动语态:主语 + be/is/are being + P.P Prisoners are being judged(犯人正在被审判) My bike is being repaired (我的自行车正在修理当中) 过去进行时的被动语态:主语 + was/were being + P.P The stadium was being built that time.(那时体育场正在建设当中) 完成时 现在完成时的被动语态:主语 + have/has been + P.P This book has been translated into many languages.(这本书被翻译成很多语言) 过去完成时的被动语态:主语 + had been + P.P The hostages had been released when police arrived(警察到时人质已经被释放了) 将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + will + have been + P.P He will have been judged by the time you arrived 到这里我们已经知道了9种时态的被动语态,还有一种不常用的过去将来完成时,大家了解即可 过去将来完成时的被动语态:主语 + would have been + P.P I said that some delicious sandwiches would have been made by the time we got back.(我说了我们回来时美味的三明治已经做好了) 注意:① 带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时,这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化,例: 主动:We shall not use the washing machine again. 被动:The washing machine will not be used again. (洗衣机不能再用了) ② 带有双宾语的授予动词,其被动语态有两种,当直接宾语作为主语时,间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for/of/on)。例: I gave him a book (主动) He was given a book by me (被动) A book was given to him by me(被动) (我给了他一本书) ③ 否定句主动语态变为被动语态,be动词之后加not 主动语态:They do not love him 被动语态:He is not loved by them (他们不爱他) 我们知道了被动语态的表达方式,那么什么情况下使用被动语态呢? 这期就到这里,欢迎大家积极留言补充,斧正!我们下期再见 首发公众号:三味英语(ID:tamude2014yu),欢迎大家关注! 文章推荐 精选近万本英文原版书 |400本牛津通识读本【中英】|英语外刊及时更新获取方法|英语类精品网课【全网最全】|语法书资源合集(珍藏版)|英文原版书推荐(珍藏)|四六级资源大合集|DK系列书籍1200本【中英】|20世纪TOP100英文小说【英文版】|大英百科全书【中英】|虚拟语气|剑桥BEC资源合集|定语从句|状语从句 |
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