nginx

2023-07-06 08:26| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

nginxBasic HTTP server featuresOther HTTP server featuresMail proxy server featuresTCP/UDP proxy server featuresArchitecture and scalabilityTested OS and platforms

nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, a mail proxy server, and a generic TCP/UDP proxy server, originally written by Igor Sysoev. For a long time, it has been running on many heavily loaded Russian sites including Yandex, Mail.Ru, VK, and Rambler. According to Netcraft, nginx served or proxied 21.18% busiest sites in May 2023. Here are some of the success stories: Dropbox, Netflix, Wordpress.com, FastMail.FM.

The sources and documentation are distributed under the 2-clause BSD-like license.

Commercial support is available from Nginx, Inc.

Basic HTTP server features

Serving static and index files, autoindexing; open file descriptor cache; Accelerated reverse proxying with caching; load balancing and fault tolerance; Accelerated support with caching of FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI, and memcached servers; load balancing and fault tolerance; Modular architecture. Filters include gzipping, byte ranges, chunked responses, XSLT, SSI, and image transformation filter. Multiple SSI inclusions within a single page can be processed in parallel if they are handled by proxied or FastCGI/uwsgi/SCGI servers; SSL and TLS SNI support; Support for HTTP/2 with weighted and dependency-based prioritization; Support for HTTP/3.

Other HTTP server features

Name-based and IP-based virtual servers; Keep-alive and pipelined connections support; Access log formats, buffered log writing, fast log rotation, and syslog logging; 3xx-5xx error codes redirection; The rewrite module: URI changing using regular expressions; Executing different functions depending on the client address; Access control based on client IP address, by password (HTTP Basic authentication) and by the result of subrequest; Validation of HTTP referer; The PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY, and MOVE methods; FLV and MP4 streaming; Response rate limiting; Limiting the number of simultaneous connections or requests coming from one address; IP-based geolocation; A/B testing; Request mirroring; Embedded Perl; njs scripting language.

Mail proxy server features

User redirection to IMAP or POP3 server using an external HTTP authentication server; User authentication using an external HTTP authentication server and connection redirection to an internal SMTP server; Authentication methods: POP3: USER/PASS, APOP, AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5; IMAP: LOGIN, AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5; SMTP: AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5; SSL support; STARTTLS and STLS support.

TCP/UDP proxy server features

Generic proxying of TCP and UDP; SSL and TLS SNI support for TCP; Load balancing and fault tolerance; Access control based on client address; Executing different functions depending on the client address; Limiting the number of simultaneous connections coming from one address; Access log formats, buffered log writing, fast log rotation, and syslog logging; IP-based geolocation; A/B testing; njs scripting language.

Architecture and scalability

One master and several worker processes; worker processes run under an unprivileged user; Flexible configuration; Reconfiguration and upgrade of an executable without interruption of the client servicing; Support for kqueue (FreeBSD 4.1+), epoll (Linux 2.6+), /dev/poll (Solaris 7 11/99+), event ports (Solaris 10), select, and poll; The support of the various kqueue features including EV_CLEAR, EV_DISABLE (to temporarily disable events), NOTE_LOWAT, EV_EOF, number of available data, error codes; The support of various epoll features including EPOLLRDHUP (Linux 2.6.17+, glibc 2.8+) and EPOLLEXCLUSIVE (Linux 4.5+, glibc 2.24+); sendfile (FreeBSD 3.1+, Linux 2.2+, macOS 10.5+), sendfile64 (Linux 2.4.21+), and sendfilev (Solaris 8 7/01+) support; File AIO (FreeBSD 4.3+, Linux 2.6.22+); DIRECTIO (FreeBSD 4.4+, Linux 2.4+, Solaris 2.6+, macOS); Accept-filters (FreeBSD 4.1+, NetBSD 5.0+) and TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT (Linux 2.4+) support; 10,000 inactive HTTP keep-alive connections take about 2.5M memory; Data copy operations are kept to a minimum.

Tested OS and platforms

FreeBSD 3 — 12 / i386; FreeBSD 5 — 12 / amd64; FreeBSD 11 / ppc; FreeBSD 12 / ppc64; Linux 2.2 — 4 / i386; Linux 2.6 — 5 / amd64; Linux 3 — 4 / armv6l, armv7l, aarch64, ppc64le; Linux 4 — 5 / s390x; Solaris 9 / i386, sun4u; Solaris 10 / i386, amd64, sun4v; Solaris 11 / x86; AIX 7.1 / powerpc; HP-UX 11.31 / ia64; macOS / ppc, i386, x86_64; Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows 7, Windows 10.

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