外刊精读｜航空变革

内容 摘要

Nigeria, Africa lag behind as more airlines embrace greener fuels, tech.

Airline. Photo;CLIMATECHANGENEWS

阅读理解

READING COMPREHENSION

Questions：

1. What is the aim to test sustainable solutions ?

A. Zero emmisions.

B. Stimulate economy.

C. Expand market.

2. Which measure that Aircraft engine manufacture take to shape the next phase of global aviation is not mentioned ?

A. Entering the hydragon production market.

B. Collaborate with Hoeller to use innovative technology.

C. Invest capital to accelerate its establishment.

3. What is the obsacle to preparing for emerging opportunities ?

A. Disunity within Africa.

B. Lack of basic infrastructures and technology.

C. Africa is not fired with the wave of operating innovations.

结构分析

STRUCTURE ANAlYSIS

内容解读

CONTENT INTERPRETATION

Despite the acclaimed potential of the Nigerian market and the continent at large, African

countries are conspicuously missing in emerging innovations that will shape the next phase of

global air travel. Specifically, advanced economies and their airlines are testing the waters in

the areas of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs), new technologies in airport operations and

other sustainable solutions like the ban on single-use plastics onboard – all of which are

targeted towards zero emissions. Notably, global aviation has been angling for alternative

fuels with less carbon footprints. They have been experimenting with the use of cooking oil,

synthetic fuel and hydrogen, to gradually become the new aviation fuel by 2050. Just recently,

SAF gained much traction in North America. At the summit of the Americas early June, the

International Air Transport Association (IATA), in cooperation with Boeing, hosted a

roundtable on sustainable aviation with carriers from the region using 100,000 gallons of

SAF.Hawaiian Airlines and Par Hawaii are not left out. They announced plans to join forces to

study the commercial viability of locally-produced SAF. Fulcrum BioEnergy also announced

the completion of commissioning and the initial operations of its Sierra BioFuels Plant, the

world’s first landfill waste to renewable transportation fuels plant.

■ phase

在文中是名词词性，译为“阶段，时期”，例如：

它还有动词含义“把...分阶段”，例如：

▸ out of phase 表示“不同步的（地），不协调的（地）”；它的反义短语是 in phase.

■ synthetic

形容词，含义是“合成的，人造的”，例如：

它也有名词含义，“合成物，合成纤维”，例如：

▸ "artificail"也有“人造的”这个含义，但两者有细微区别：

artificial 指模仿天然材料由人工制成的东西，侧重真伪对比。

synthetic 强调通过化学作用或化学处理把几种物质复制成与原材料截然不同的新产品。

■ commission

这个词汇的含义和词性繁多，其中有两组动词含义和名词含义相关联，我们分别来了解一下。第一组，动词含义“正式委托（做）”，名词含义“受托之事，（接受报酬的）任务”，例如：

第二组，动词含义“委任，任命...为军官”，名词含义“（军队的）任职令”，例如：

它还有两个与“钱”有关的含义，第一个是“佣金，回扣” ，可做可数名词也可做不可数名词；第二个是“（银行或公司收取的）服务费，手续费”，这时只能做不可数名词，例如：

它的最后一组名词含义围绕“犯罪，调查”展开；首先可以表示“犯（罪）”，是不可数名词；还有“委员会，调查团”的含义，这时为可数集合名词，例如：

▸ out of commission 表示“（船、设备等）坏了的，不能使用的”。

■ 长难句分析

▸At the summit of the Americas early June,the International Air Transport Association,in cooperation with Boeing,hosted a roundtable on sustainable aviation with carriers from the region using 100,000 gallons of SAF.

本句主干为"The International Air Transport Association hosted a roundtable". "At the summit of the Americas"是地点状语，而"early June"是时间状语充当后置定语。"in cooperation with Boeing"是"The International Air Transport Association"的同位语，"on sustainable aviation"是介词短语充当后置定语，交代会议主题。最后"with carriers from the region using 100,000 gallons of SAF"涉及到的语法现象是“with 复合结构”，通常形式为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，本句是其中的“with+n. +现在分词”形式，n.和现在分词分别对应到原句的"carriers from the region"和"using 100,000 gallons of SAF".

In October 2021, IATA member airlines committed to net zero emissions by 2050. The path to achieve this will involve a combination of SAF, new propulsion technology, infrastructure and operational efficiencies, and carbon offsets/carbon capture to fill any gaps. IATA’s Director General, Willie Walsh, noted that net zero by 2050 would require a global transition for aviation to new fuels, technologies and operations. Walsh said: “The significant investments to get there will need a solid policy foundation aligned with a global way forward. We need governments to set a framework to incentivise production of SAF and ensure it is as attractive to produce as automotive biofuels,” he said. Apparently heeding to the charge, a team of energy industry companies in Panama, led by SGP BioEnergy, joined the government of the country to announce the development of the world’s largest biofuels production and distribution hub. Aircraft engine manufacturer, Rolls-Royce, is entering the hydrogen production market and acquiring a majority stake in electrolysis stack specialist Hoeller Electrolyzer, whose innovative technology will form the basis of a new range of mtu electrolyzer product.

■ hub

名词，最常见含义为“（活动的）中心，核心”，例如：

在本文中的含义为“航空枢纽，中心机场”，例如：

▸hub and spoke 表示“（空中交通）辐射状的” ，要注意的是，这里的 spoke不是 speak的过去式，而是一个单独的名词，含义为“（车轮的）辐条”。

■ stake

在本文中为名词词性，表示“（企业中的）股份”，也可以抽象为“利害关系，重大利益”，例如：

它还有一组动词与名词含义与“打赌”有关，名词含义“（比赛或行动的）赌注，风险”，动词含义“将...押在...，以...打赌，拿...冒险”，例如：

▸ at stake 表示“处于危险境地，处于成败关头”。

▸ stake a claim 表示“提出权利要求，主张...权利”。

▸ go to the stake for 表示“为...不惜一切”。

■ stack

本文中为名词含义“堆、垛”，它通常与of 搭配表示“一堆，许多”，相当于“a pile of ”，例如：

它还有动词含义，表示“将...码放整齐” ，例如：

第二个动词含义是“在（某组织机构中）安插（对自己有利的人员）”，例如：

▸ be stacked against someone 表示“情况对...不利”。

IATA had lately estimated Africa, with Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.6 per cent, to be the untappedmarket of global aviation. It projected that an extra 199 million passengers will bring the total market available to Nigeria and other African airlines to 334 million passengers by 2037. But the continent is not as keen on the wave of operating innovations. Aviation enthusiast, Bamidele Akanji, said it was regrettable that Africa, especially Nigeria, were not preparing for emerging opportunities. “There is a lot we could have done through research and development, and by contributing to emerging trends. But nothing is on the ground. Even the basic infrastructures that are currently being phased out in other places, we are still struggling to use them efficiently. Above all, we need to get our hearts together so that our airlines don’t get thrown out of global aviation,” he said.

■ untapped

形容词，表示“未开采过的，未用过的”，例如：

▸ 它的词根为 tap，动词含义有“开发，挖掘，利用（资源、形势）”。

▸ on tap 可以表示“（饮料）散装的，可随时取饮的”，也可以表示“可轻松获取的，可随时使用”。

■ keen

以形容词词性为主，常见含义为“热切的，满怀热情的，兴趣广博的”，例如：

形容词含义还有“思维敏捷的，机智的，（目光、听觉）灵敏的”，例如：

围绕“竞争”有两个形容词含义，包括“价格低廉的，有竞争力的”，及“（战斗或竞争）激烈的”，比如：

除此之外，还有动词含义“（为死者）恸哭”，例如：

▸be mad keen on 表示“对...十分热衷，对...非常热情”。

答案解析

ANSWER

1. A. Zero emissions.

▸ 定位分析

题干问试水可持续解决方案的目的是什么？定位到第一段第2句，all of which are targeted towards zero emissions，不难看出它修饰限定的先行词是sustainable solutions.其中target towards是 aim to 的同义替换。

▸干扰项排除

B项说的是刺激经济，原文未体现；C项说的是扩大市场，由原文首句 the acclaimed potential of the Nigerian market and the continent at large可知尼日利亚乃至整个非洲大陆市场广阔、潜力巨大，且事实上市场利用率很低，无需再扩大。

2. C. Invest capital to accelerate its establishment.

▸ 定位分析

注意题干问的是飞机发动机制造商为塑造下一阶段的全球航空业采取的措施中没有提到的是什么？定位到第二段最后一句，Aircraft engine manufacturer is entering the hydrogen production market and acquiring a majority stake in electrolysis stack specialist Hoeller, whose innovative technology will form the basis of a new range of mtu electrolyzer product. 从这句话中我们可以看出两个措施：（1）进军氢气生产市场，对应 A选项；（2）收购 Hoeller电解槽公司股权，利用其创新技术构成mtu电解槽新系列产品的基础，对应 B选项，collaborate with 表示“与...合作”，是对 B选项的概括提炼。

▸干扰项排除

C项说的是投入资金以促成其建立，与原文无关；注意 capital 在这里的含义是“资金，本钱”。

3. B. Lack of basic infrastructures and technology.

▸ 定位分析

题干问的是为新出现的机遇做好准备的阻碍是什么？定位到第三段 Bamidele说的话，But nothing is on the ground. Even the basic infrastructures that are currently being phased out in other places,we are still struggling to use them efficiently. 我们能从中得知首先非洲大陆的地面基础建设落不足，而且即使被其他地区淘汰下来的设施也很难有效利用，所以推断出阻碍为缺乏基础设施且技术落后，对应 B选项。

▸干扰项排除

A项说的是非洲大陆内部不团结，原文只提到了 Bamidele建议大家团结一致争取不与全球航空业脱节，并没有指出内部不团结，而且这也不是错失机遇的主要矛盾；C项说的是非洲大陆对经营创新浪潮不感兴趣，曲解原文意思，原文提到了非洲的市场规模增长，但因基础设施和技术落后不得不错失参与航空变革的良机，并不是真的对其不感兴趣。