高考英语语法填空之词性转换类

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关于高考英语语法填空之词性转换类第一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四　　 词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到:　　(1) 句子成分划分或句子结构分析；　　(2) 各种词性的语法功能；　　(3) 构词法特别是派生法

词性转换等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：第二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四考点1：形容词——副词

形容词后+ly可变成与原来意义相同的副词。直接加-lyslow　慢的　　　slowly　 缓慢地改y为-ilyhappy　高兴的　　 happily　高兴地去e加-lytrue　真的　　　truly　 真的考点解密第三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四后 缀 例　　　 词 后 缀 例　　　 词 -alindustrial　national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful　mouthful -ish childish　selfish-ive active　creative -y dirty　thirsty windy -en golden　wooden -ary imaginary　revolutionary-ic realistic　historic -some troublesome　lonesome-like childlike womanlike -ly friendly　lovely -lesscareless　harmless考点2：名词——形容词

(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：第四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四(2)形容词变成名词。如：后缀例　　　　词-nesshappiness　幸福　 illness　疾病 -ydifficulty　困难 possibility 可能性 -ismsocialism　社会主义第五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四考点3：形容词——动词

(1)形容词可变成动词。如：en-enrich丰富　enable 使能够-enwiden加宽　 sharpen削尖shorten 缩短 soften 软化-izeAmericanize 美国化 civilize 使开化modernize 现代化 nationalize国有化-ysimplify简化某些名词后加-y可变成动词，表示“使……化”。如：beautify 美化第六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四(2)动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous持续的 various各种各样的-able/ibledrinkable可饮用的accessible可进入的-ing/edinteresting令人感兴趣的 excited兴奋的第七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四

考点4：动词—名词后缀例　　　　 词-anceacceptance接受 appearance 出现-encereference参考　existence 存在-alrefusal拒绝　　arrival 到达-tiondictation听写　 preparation 准备-mentargument 争论　judgment 判断第八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四考点5：名词——名词(人)后缀例　　　　 词-erteacher 教师　reader 读者officer 官员　farmer 农夫villager 村民 Londoner 伦敦人-orconductor 售票员　visitor 游客-arbeggar 乞丐 -essactress 女演员　hostess 女主人-eseChinese 中国人Japanese 日本人-ianmusician 音乐家 physician内科医生-istscientist科学家　socialist社会主义者第九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀含　义例　　　 词dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不满意 dishonest 不诚实un-不unable 不能够　unlucky　不幸的un-相反动作undress脱衣服　unload 卸货in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive　不活跃的　incorrect 不正确的impolite不有礼貌的　impossible不可能的irregular　不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的illogical 不合逻辑的　illegal　非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的 non-stop 直达的mis-错误的，坏的misunderstand 误解 misfortune 厄运,不幸第十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四前缀含　义例　　　 词re重复，再rewrite重写 remarry 再婚super-在上面，超级supermarket 超市　supermodel 超级名模under-在……之下underestimate低估　underground 地下的inter-相互，之间international国际的　interact 相互作用semi-半semifinal（半决赛） semicircle 半圆multi-多，多种multi-national多国的 multi-coloured多种颜色的kilo-千kilometer 千米,公里　kilogram 千克,公斤tele-远telephone 电话　television 电视a-在……上/里aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面第十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：

但en-也改变词性，如：large大的--enlarge扩大，danger危险--endanger危及；

后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但-ship也不改变词性，如：leader领导--leadership领导阶层；friend朋友--friendship友谊。第十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四　　　要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。　　下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念、所处的语境和充当该句子成分的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：解题技巧第十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四概念描述所处语境充当的词类主语讲的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some, any, other等后名词、代词；动名词、不定式或从句宾语动作的行为对象及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some, any, other等后谓语表示主语干什么或是什么主语之后动词表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词之后主要是形容词；某些名词；个别副词补语补充说明宾语或主语在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后定语修饰和限定名词或代词名词之前，something等代词之后形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首副词第十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

考点分析第十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的”，填interested。考点分析第十六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ___________ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ___________(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal

immediate

巩固练习第十七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式；在形容词性物主代词后，或者在”冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。要注意名词是否用复数形式。如：考点分析第十八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四1. Always read the ______________ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _________ (choose) for a wedding in some countries.3. We take _________ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.instructions

choice

pride

巩固练习第十九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四4. …the remains date from this period because of their _______ (similar) to those found elsewhere.5. …instructors expect students to be familiar with ________ (inform) in the reading…similarities

information

巩固练习第二十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：1．Volunteering is becoming _________ (increase) popular in China.2． I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ______ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.increasingly

merely

考点分析第二十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四3.The island is ______ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.4.Do you think shopping online will ________ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?equally

finally

巩固练习第二十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四技巧4：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-等，在词根后加-less等。如：考点分析第二十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _____ (hope) to achieve.2. _____________(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.hopeless

Unfortunately 巩固练习第二十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四技巧5：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：考点分析第二十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四1…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist _________ (attract)…　2 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ______ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______________ (popular).more

popular attractions

harder

巩固练习第二十六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The ________ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst

巩固练习第二十七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空综合练习第二十八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A)　　　A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his [1]____________ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and you’re 55 years old, I’m going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, don’t do it now; I’m too busy!”monthly 综合练习第二十九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四　　The youngster immediately fell [2]________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. [3]_____________ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.”　　 The boy said nothing but [4]________ (quiet) walked away, [5]________________ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didn’t respond.　　 [6]_______________ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote... silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately 第三十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四　　“If only I could tell him how much I regret my [7]____________ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”　　　…Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be [8]________ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as [9]__________ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more [10]__________ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because... there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy...thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的第三十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四(B)　 The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the world’s greatest [1]________________ (celebrate) of the arts.　 The [2]____________ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best [3]________(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活跃) and [4]________(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich 综合练习第三十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四　The Edinburgh International Festival has developed [5]_______________(significance) over the years, yet the founders’ [6]___________(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original 第三十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the world’s Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, [7]_______________(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh [8]________________(forget). It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are [9]__________(miss). This is [10]________(evitable可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable 第三十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四The ______ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming from strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the ___________ (compose) death in 1791, there have been ______ (vary) theories about the cause of his ______ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.death

composer’s

various

untimely

(C)第三十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期四On his death certificate it was