情态动词7篇

2023-03-06 19:26| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

情态动词7篇时间：2023-03-04 07:25:55

情态动词篇一

第九章情态动词

我们使用语言有时需要提出要求、意向或建议，有时需要表达我们的愿望和打算。我们也可能想更礼貌一些，更得体一些。为了表达上述意义我们需要一组叫情态动词的动词。情态动词有时又叫情态助动词。情态动词本身虽有一定词义，但不能独立用作谓语、也没有人称和数的变化，其后一定要跟随动词原形，共同构成复合谓语。

一、情态动词的特点及形式

情态动词是用于表示说话人的某种感情或语气的词类，有自己的词义，但是不能单独作谓语，而必须与其他原形动词共同构成谓语。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化(因此单数第三人称不加s)，有过去式，但无分词形式。

经常使用的情态动词有：can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。

例如：

you may come in now.

你现在可以进来。(表示“许可”)

the schoolbag can hold so many books.

这个书包能装下这么多的书。(表示“能够”)

you must be here on time.

你必须准时到这儿。(表示“必须”)

you mustn't make a friend with such a man.

你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)

二、情态动词的用法

1.can, could, be able to

(1)can表示能力，其疑问形式表示请求，其否定形式常表示猜测。can只有现在时和过去时两种形式，其他时态只能用be able to进行表达。

can i sit here?

我可以坐在这里吗？(表示“请求”)

she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“过去的能力”)

她很小的时候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。

they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.

他们没有能够打败巴西队。(完成时用be able to表示)

she can't be there now.

她现在不可能在那里。(表示“猜测”)

(2)could用于疑问句，表示比can更为客气的语气；could用于肯定句可以表示没有多大把握的猜测或表示过去曾有过的能力；could还可用于虚拟语气表示与现在情况相反的假设。

could i sit here?

我可以坐在这里吗？(比can更为客气的请求)

she could be serious, but i don't think so.

她可能是认真的，但我不这样认为。

we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.

我们要是能像那两个美国人一样也去月球看看多好啊。(虚拟语气)

she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.

她二十多岁的时候，能够在一分钟之内打一百个字。(表示过去的能力)

(3)was (were) able to与could的区别是表示不但有能力，而且曾经做过某件事情。

he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.

他去年夏天能够游过长江。

he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.

在二战期间，他设法离开德国去了美国。

2.may， might

may用于陈述句表示“可以”，“允许”的意思；还可以表示“可能”。例如：

you may sit down.

你可以坐下。(表示“允许”)

you may be correct.

你可能是正确的。(表示“猜测”)

may用于疑问句表示“请求”；用于否定句表示说话人“不允许”，“不许可”。

may i take the dictionary away?

我可以把这本词典拿走吗？(表示“请求”)

you may not take it away.

=i don't want you to take it away.

我不允许你把它拿走。(表示“拒绝”)

注意：may引导的疑问句，肯定回答用：yes, you may.否定回答用： no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, you had better not.)表示“千万不要”，“不可以”，“禁止”的意思。

may i come in?

我可以进来吗？

yes, please. no, you mustn't.

请进。不，不行。

might(could)用于一般现在时，表示更为委婉和礼貌的语气。

i'm afraid it might rain this evening.

我看今晚恐怕要下雨。

might i ask a question?

我可以提个问题吗？

might可用于表示与现在的事实相反情况的虚拟语气。

if the boy were older, he might understand.

要是这孩子年龄再大一些，他就可能懂了。

if i were you, i might finish it earlier.

如果我是你，我会更早一些干完这件事。

may和 might用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能……”、“使……可以”。he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.他把我的地址写下来了，以便能记住。

3.must, have to

must强调个人的意志和主观的决心，意为“一定，必须”； have to侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件作用的结果，意为“务必，不得不”。如果用于过去时或将来时，要用have to来代替，但must可用于间接引语，表示过去的必要和义务。

you must stop smoking.

你必须把烟戒掉。(强调主观意志)

you must complete the painting before next friday.

你必须在下星期五以前完成这幅画。(强调主观)

i have to stop the car and wait for the policeman.

我不得不停车等那个警察。(强调客观)

there was little time left and she had to drive quickly to the airport.

剩下的时间不多了，她只得开快点赶往机场。(用于一般过去时)

you'll have to wait for me for a little while tomorrow.

你明天得稍微等我一会儿。(用于将来时)

she said she must do well in her english.

她说她必须要把英语学好。(用于间接引语)

must构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式经常是needn't或don't have to，意为“不必要”，“不用……”，而不说mustn't(除非特别强调)。

must i hand it in before five?

我必须在五点钟以前把它交上去吗？

yes, you must. no, you needn't.

是的，必须交。不，用不着。

must的肯定句，还经常用于表示推测。

he must be at home.

他肯定在家里呢。(对现在情况的推测)

they must have gone back to their hometown.

他们一定是回老家去了。(对过去的事的推测)

they must be repairing your car at the garage.

他们肯定在车间修你的车呢。(对现在的行为的推测)

4.need

need可以作情态动词使用，也可作行为动词使用。

作为情态动词使用，need没有时态与人称的变化，并且多在否定句，疑问句和条件句中使用，含义为“需要，必须”。

you need not hand in the exercise today.

你不必今天交作业。(=i don't think you need hand in the exercise today.)

need we find time to go into the question?

要不要我们找时间把这个问题深入研究一下？

(=do you think we need find time to go into the question?)

if you need repair your car, come to me.

如果你需要修车，就来找我。

need 作情态动词时的用法，情态need 表需要，没有时态、数、人称，其后直接跟动词，用于疑问和否定。

注意：①need作为情态动词，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句中通常用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如：

need i tell mr. li about it?

我是否需要把这件事情告诉李先生？

(否定回答)no, you needn't.

不，没有必要。

(肯定回答)yes, you must. you must tell him about it.

是的，你必须把这件事情告诉他。

②这里“need i...?”与“must i...?”在意思上差别不大，因此回答也是一样的，肯定为 must，否定用needn't。

③needn't+ have done表示“做了本不需要做的事”。例如：

you needn't have completed so many exercises.

你本来不必完成这么多习题。(实际已经做完了)

she need't have gone there with him.

她本来没有必要和他一块去那里。(实际已去了)

need作实义动词(或称行为动词)使用时，其句型变化与其他行为动词一样，要加助动词do , does, did等等。例如：

i need your help.

我需要你的帮助。

do you need anything to eat?

你要不要吃点东西？

she doesn't need to take any medicine.

她不需要吃药。

注意：

need作为动词使用，宾语可以是动名词或不定式；动名词用主动形式，而不定式一定要接用被动形式。例如：

this car needs repairing.

(=this car needs to be repaired.)

这辆汽车需要修理。

does this shirt need washing?

(=does this shirt need to be washed?）

这件衬衣需要洗吗？

5.should， would

should后接原形动词表示应该做某事或承担责任、义务；should还可以表示一种推测。

例如：

you should work harder and pass the exam.

你应该更加努力，通过考试。(表示应该)

he should brush his teeth before going to bed.

他应该睡觉以前把牙刷一下。(表示应该)

she should have arrived in hong kong by this time.

她这时候已经到香港了。(表示推测)

the book is written by a famous professor, so it should be selling well.

(表示推测)

这本书是一位著名教授写的，应该很有卖点。

would有两种用法：

①多用于一般现在时，表示比will更为婉转的请求。

②用于一般过去时，表示过去的习惯性行为。

例如：

would you like a cup of tea?

来一杯茶好吗？(婉转的请求)

would you show me the way to the post office?

请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗？(请求)

when even they came to see him, they would bring him a lot of farm products.

无论何时他们来看他，总会给他带来许多农产品。(表示过去的习惯)

each time he passed the food shop, he would buy some chocol ate for his daughter.

每次路过食品店，他都会给女儿买些巧克力。(表示过去的习惯)

6.would， used to

would和used to都表示过去的习惯和过去反复发生的动作，但would只强调过去的情况，后面通常接表示动作的动词不能接表示状态的动词。而used to强调过去的情况与现在的情况的对比，说明现在情况不同了。

each time his mother's birthday came, he would buy her a present .

每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。(表示过去的习惯)

my father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.

我父亲年轻的时候总是骑车去上班。(现在不是这样了)

when he had a meal at this restaurant, he would sit at the table by the window.

当他在这家餐厅吃饭时，总是坐在靠窗的桌子边。(过去的习惯)

he used to drink so much when he lost his job.

当他失业时，他酗酒很厉害。(现在不酗酒了)

比较：must, may和might用于表示猜测的区别：

must表示最大的可能性，意思是“必定，一定，肯定”；

do you notice the way the man speaks? he must be a business man.

你注意到这个人说话的方式了吗？他一定是一个商人。

look at the fire over there! something must be happening to mr. cameron's house.

看那边的大火！肯定是卡梅隆家出事了。

someone must have told you the news yesterday.

昨天一定是有人已经告诉了你这个消息。

may表示的可能性小于must，意为“可能”。

the opportunity may come at any time.

机会可能会随时到来的。

go to miss li and she may help you with it.

去找李老师，她可能会帮助你解决此事。

your parents may know nothing about it.

你父母对此可能一无所知。

might表示的可能性最小，意为“也许，大概”。might表示可能性，不含有过去时的意思。

they might be at susan's house.

他们也许都在苏姗家呢。

your mother might be angry with you.

你妈妈大概生你的气了。

mr. cameron might refuse to attend the meeting today.

卡梅隆先生今天可能会拒绝出席会议。

7.dare

dare作为情态动词，意为“敢于，敢做……”，多用在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。

例如：

the girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house.

这个姑娘不敢独自一人呆在这所空房子里。

dare you swim across the river?

你敢游到河那边去吗？

how dare you do such a thing?

你怎么敢做这样的事情？

i don't know if she dare say that to him.

我不知道她敢不敢跟他说那话。

三、情态动词+have+ done的用法

1. must have done与can't (couldn't) have done

must have done用于表示对过去的肯定推测，只能用于肯定句，表示“一定……，肯定已经 ……”；而can't (couldn't) have done用于表示对过去的否定的推测，用于否定句，表示“不可能……”。

look at your school report. you must have made a lot of mistakes in your test papers.

看看你的成绩单。你一定是在试卷上出了好多错。

she suddenly fell down on her way to school, she must have been ill.

她在去上学的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。

he can't have been in his office this time yesterday.

昨天这个时间他不可能在他的办公室里。

she couldn't have seen me because i wasn't there at all yesterday.

昨天她不可能看见我，因为我根本没在那里。

2.may (might) have done

该结构只用于肯定句或否定句之中，表示对过去情况的猜测，意为“也许”，“已经”，“ 本来可以”等。其否定形式含义为“大概不会”，“可能不是”等。而疑问句形式要用can 或could来提问。

he may have arrived in america by now.

到这时候他可能已经到达美国了。

i might have told you about the things earlier.

我本来可以早一些告诉你这些情况的。

i might have lent him more money when he came to me.

当他来找我时，我本可以多借给他一些钱。

could he have returned it?

他不会不还这些钱吧？

3.ought to have done与should have done

这两种结构都表示过去必须做的事而没做，含有“本来应该怎样”的意思。

you ought to have gone into this question earlier.

你本来应该再早一些深入研究一下这个问题。

they ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.

他们本该把会议工作准备得更充分一些。

he should have done better in the car race.

他本应该在汽车大赛之中表现得更好一些。

we should have climbed up to the top of the mountain.

我们本来应该爬到山顶的。

4.needn't have done

该结构表示过去不需要做的事情，但却已经做了，含有“本来不必怎样”的意思。

you needn't have done it instead of him yesterday.

你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情的。

he needn't have given her so much money at that time.

那时他本来不必给她那么多的钱。

there were plenty of time, she needn't have hurried.

时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙

情态动词篇二

导学案4情态动词（ii）

一、ought to 应该，应当其否定 “ought not to” 或 “oughtn’t to”

(1) 用于第一人称，表有责任或有必要做某事。

we ought to be more careful with our homework.

(2) 用于二、三人称，表建议或劝告。

you ought to follow your teacher’s advice.

she ought not to go alone.

(3) ought to+have done: 本该……

i’m sorry. i ought to have told you this morning.对不起，我本该今天早上告诉你的。

二、have to / don’t have to / mustn’t

(1) have to = have got to 必须，不得不（有人称和数、时态的变化）

he has to work on the farm all day . 他不得不在农场工作一整天。

（2）don’t have to 不必……

you don’t have to buy a computer.

(3) mustn’t 禁止，不许

you mustn’t sleep in class!

三、need 需要，必要（既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但用法不同）

（1）作为情态动词，need 通常用于否定句和疑问句

①you needn’t buy the book..

②——need he do his homework first?

——yes ,he must! (no ,he needn’t)

(2) need 作为实义动词时，通常用法是：

sb/sth need to do (表主动) we need to tell him the truth.

sb/sth need doing /to be done（表被动） my car needs repairing./my car needs to be repaird

sb need sth 某人需要…… mary needs your help.

三、情态动词+have done

1. must have done 推测过去“肯定……”

he must have played computer games last night.

2 may / might have done 推测过去“也许……”

he might have known the answer to the question.

3.(1)could have done 用于疑问句时，表示推测过去“可能……？”

could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？

（2）could have done 用于肯定句时，表“能够做而没有做”

i could have finished the work on my own. 我本能够独自完成工作。

4. (1)should have done 本应该做而没有做

you should have studied hard.

(2) shouldn’t have done 本不该做而做了

you shouldn’t have told lies.

5. ought to have done: 本该做而没做

6. needn’t have done 本不必…… 本没必要……

you needn’t have told me the news.

情态动词篇三

h.dare

dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。

1.情态动词dare

①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。

i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.

我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。

--- dare you walk through the forest at night

你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？

--- yes, i dare.

是的，我敢。

--- no, i daren't.

不，我不敢。

he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.

下雨天他不敢开得太快。

he dared not do it last year.

去年他不敢做这事。（dare的过去时为dared）

②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。

i wonder how he dare say such things.

我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。

we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.

我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。

③可以用于条件状语从句中。

if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.

如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。

if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.

如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。

2.行为动词dare

① dare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中

he will dare any danger.

他敢面对任何危险。

he dared me to jump over the stream.

他激我跳过小溪。

did anyone dare to admit it

有人敢于承认吗？

i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.

我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）

②和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。

he doesn't dare to walk at night.

他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）

he daren't walk at night.

他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）

does he dare to walk at night

他敢走夜路吗？（作行为动词）

dare he walk at night

他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）

he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.

XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）

he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.

XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）

will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow

明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）

dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？

明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作情态动词）

必背：

英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：

● i dare say...

我想，大概，可能，或许……

i dare say things will improve.

我想情况会好转的。

● how dare you ...

你怎么敢……？

how dare you ask me such a question

你怎么敢问我这样的问题？

● i dare you ...

我谅你也不敢……

i dare you to tell your parents!

我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！

i.need

1.情态动词need

need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代）。作为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。

you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like.　你现在不必还书，如果愿意，你可以下周还。（needn't = don't have to）

need i hand in my homework now

我现在就要交家庭作业吗？

--- need he finish the article next week

他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？

--- yes, he must.

是的，他必须完成。

--- no, he needn't.

不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）

2.行为动词need

need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。

plant needs water.

植物需要水。

my shirt needs a button.

我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。

my car needs repairing.

我的车该修理了。

he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.

他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。

you don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.

你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。

patience is needed for that job.

干那工作，需要耐心。

提示：

need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。

【误】she need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时，不用于肯定句中)

【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.

她该独立完成家庭作业。

情态动词篇四

1 情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

2 比较can 和be able to

1）can　could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。

he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.

= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.

注意：could不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。

--- could i have the television on?

--- yes, you can. / no, you can't.

2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

he couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是坏人。

3 比较may和might

1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。

may god bless you!

he might be at home.

注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2）成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。

if that is the case, we may as well try.

典型例题

peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

a. must　　b. may　 c. can　 d. will

答案b. 表可能性只能用may.　此句意可从后半句推出。

4 比较have to和must

1)　两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

he said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2)　have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

he had to look after his sister yesterday.

3）在否定结构中： don't have to　表示"不必"

mustn't　　　　表示"禁止"，

you don't have to tell him about it.　你不一定要把此事告诉他。

you mustn't tell him about it.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

5 must表示推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。

2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

you have worked hard all day.you must be tired.　你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

he must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

he must be staying there.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

he must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.　我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---why didn't you answer my phone call?

---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用 can't。

if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

we would have finished this work by the end of next december.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

the road is wet. it must have rained last night.

地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

your mother must have been looking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。

7 情态动词+ have +过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth　表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)　must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。

--- linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---she must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth　本没必要做某事

i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i　needn't have done so. the weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth　本打算做某事

i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.

8 should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。

---ought he to go?

---yes. i think he ought to.

表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。

9 had better表示"最好"

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.

she'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。

you had better have come earlier.

10 would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…　宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题

---- shall we go skating or stay at home?

----which ___ do?

a. do you rather　　b. would you rather　 c. will you rather　 d. should you rather

答案b。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选b。

11 will和would

注意：

1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。

would you like to go with me?

2）will you…?　would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。

would you like some cake?

3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

won't you sit down?

12 情态动词的回答方式

问句　　　肯定回答　　　　否定回答

need you…?　　yes, i must.　　　no,i needn't

must you…?　　　　　　　　　　　/don't have to.

典型例题

1）---could i borrow your dictionary?

---yes, of course, you____.

a. might　b. will　 c. can　 d. should

答案c.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---shall i tell john about it?

---no, you ___. i've told him already.

a. needn't　　b. wouldn't　　c. mustn't　　d. shouldn't

答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不，不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

a. i don't　 b.　i won't　 c. i can't　d. i haven't

答案b.　will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选b。

13 带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：

do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.

you ought not to have told her all about it.

ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do

等助动词协助。

典型例题

tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

a.have told　b.tell　c.be telling　d. having told

答案a。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。

14 比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时，后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1) 实义动词： need　（需要，要求）

need + n. / to do sth

2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。

need you go yet?

yes, i must. / no, i needn't.

3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：

need doing = need to be done

情态动词篇五

XX高考二轮复习英语考案：情态动词和虚拟语气

【专题考案】

1. —that must be a mistake.

—no, it _____ a mistake.

a. must not be 　b. needn’t be 　c. cannot be 　d. would not be

2. —_____ i water the trees on tuesday?

—no, you needn’t.

a. can 　　 b. must 　　 c. may 　　 d. shall

3. he _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.

a. shall　　 b. will 　　c. can 　　 d. would

4. i _____ such a mistake again.

a. shall never make 　　 b. may never make

c. can never do 　　d. need never do

5. —_____ i turn on the radio?

—you’d better not. it is noisy enough in this room.

a. shall 　　 b. must 　　 c. need 　　d. do

6. let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?

a. shall we　　 b. will we 　　c. can we 　　 d. should we

7. where are my keys? i _____ lost them.

a. ought to 　　 b. should have 　c. will have 　d. must have

8. even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on sunday.

a. won’t go 　　b. will go 　　 c. won’t go to d. doesn’t go

9. he _____ finished earlier.

a. shall have 　　b. ought to 　　 c. could have 　d. must have

10. in case i _____, i would try again.

a. will fail 　　 b. would miss 　 c. should fail 　d. shall miss

11. since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.

a. it must rain 　　　　　　 b. it must have rained

c. it must be rained 　　　　 d. it must have been rained

12. he asked me if he _____ open the window.

a. shall 　　 b. would 　　 c. will 　　 d. should

13. everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.

a. can 　　 b. may 　　 c. should 　　d. had to

14. _____ to have lunch with us today?

a. do you like 　 b. would you like c. will you like d. have you like

15. —will you lend me your book?

—yes, i _____.

a. will 　　 b. need 　　 c. can 　　d. must

16. if i had time, _____ see that new movie at the capital theater.

a. i will 　　 b. i may 　　c. i shall 　　d. i would

17. the english of her composition is too good. she can’t _____ it herself.

a. have to write b. have written 　 c. write 　　 d. be written

18. you _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.

a. would have seen b. can be seeing 　c. must see 　　d. may see

19. the light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.

a. must have gone b. had gone 　　 c. must be going d. must go

20. they _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.

a. might be gone b. needed go 　　 c. could have gone d. ought have gone

21. he _____ to the farm yesterday.

a. need go 　　 b. needed go 　　c. has to go 　　 d. had to go

22. he is so strong that i _____ fight against him.

a. dare not 　　 b. did dare not 　c. didn’t dare to d. dare not to

23. i couldn’t _____ cry while i was watching the movie “to live　a. help to 　　 b. help 　　 c. help but to 　 d. help but

24. they asked tom to give him a drink, but he _____.

a. hadn’t 　　 b. wasn’t 　　 c. wouldn’t 　　 d. could

25. as physics is hard enough, i _____ study it.

a. am not able 　　b. couldn’t 　　 c. am not able to 　d. cannot

26. you _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doa. needn’t to come b. don’t need come

c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come

27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?

a. can 　 b. may 　　 c. must 　　 d. might

28. you _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.

a. can’t 　　 b. needn’t 　　 c. mustn’t 　　 d. don’t

29. —would you come and join us?

—i wish i _____. i am busy at the moment.

a. can 　　 b. could 　　 c. would 　　d. should

30. you _____ right, but i don’t think you are.

a. may be 　　 b. could be 　　 c. would be 　　d. should be

31. she looks so sad. she _____ ill.

a. can be 　　 b. should be 　 c. must be 　　 d. will be

32. he _____ away. we don’t see him anywhere around.

a. may go 　　 b. must go 　　 c. can go 　　d. must have gone

33. he is much richer than what he _____.

a. would be 　　 b. must be 　　 c. used to be 　　d. could be

34. the little kid _____ not touch the dog.

a. need 　　 b. dare 　　 c. ought 　　 d. could

35. i want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.

a. need to not to go b. do not need go c. need not go 　 d. need go not

36. when he was old, mr smith _____ sit for hours without saying anything.

a. would 　　 b. should 　　 c. must 　　 d. will

37. mary _____ be in london because i saw her in town just now.

a. mustn’t 　　 b. isn’t able toc. may not 　　d. cannot

38. the door is still closed. he _____ the key.

a. must have lost 　　b. must lose 　 c. need have lost d. can lost

39. the bus had left, so we _____ walk home.

a. have to 　　 b. ought 　　 c. had to 　　 d. must

40. you _____ see her, but i must.

a. haven’t　　 b. cannot 　　c. mustn’t 　　d. needn’t

41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “ no, i _______”。

a. can; may b. can’t; can’t c. may; can’t d. can; can

42. “ ______ i hand in the paper this week?” “ no, you ______. you _____ hand it in next week.

a. must; needn’t; may b. will; mustn’t; ought to

c. shall; can’t; have to d. should; didn’t have to; can

43.there were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take john as well. it ______ a comfortable journey.

a. can’t be b. wouldn’t be

c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been

44. it’s nearly eight o’clock. they ______ be here at any moment.

a. must b. can c. should d. need

45.“ ______ i take the magazine out of the reading room?” “ sorry, you _____.”

a. may; mustn’t b. must; can’t

c. will; didn’t have to c. can; aren’t able to

46. the boss say to the secretary, “ if you work well, you _____ have a rise.”

a. shall b. would c. must d. ought

47. let’s sing a song, ______ we?

a. will b. can’t c. shall d. do

48. “______ you go so soon?” “ no, i ______ go yet.”

a must; mustn’t b. shall; won’t c. can; may not d. must; needn’t

49. the book i borrowed from the library isn’t here. who __________?

a. could have taken it b. must have taken it

c. might take it d. should take it.

50. “ they went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ oh, so they _______.”

a. needn’t have gone b. should have gone

c. mustn’t have gone d. don’t need to go

51. “________ i have a glass of beer?” “ no, i’m afraid you ________.”

a. can’t; can’t b. could; won’t c. may; daren’t d. shall; may

52. “ isn’t that tom playing basketball?” “ it ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”

a. mustn’t b. would rather not c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t

53. “ need he go?” “ yes, he ______.”

a. need b. can c. may d. must

54. tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you?

a. can b. will c. don’t d. shan’t

55. you promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.

a. write b. be writing c. have written d. be written

56. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished

57. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.

a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for 58. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.

a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone

59. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

a. did; set b. had done; should be set

c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set

60. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____

a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /

61. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being

62. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.

a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent

63. it is important that we _____ wild animals.

a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting

64. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been

65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be

66. _____ today, he would get there by friday.

a. would he leave b. was he leaving

c. were he to leave d. if he leave

67. should it rain, the crops _____ .

a. would be saved b. would have been saved

c. will be saved d. had been saved

68. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.

a. would b. should have c. may d. have

69. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were

70. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.

a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent

71. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

a. have caught b. had caught

c. could have caught d. were to catch

72. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”

--- “no, but i wish i _____”

a.have b.will c. do d. had

73. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

a. i may have failed b. i’d fail

c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed

74. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide

75. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow

76. if only i _____ my watch!

a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose

77. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

a. may not make b. might not make

c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made

78. we _____ the work on time without your help.

a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished

c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished

79. --- “where have you been?”

--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

a. i would be here b. i have been here

c. i had been here d. i would have been here

80. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.

a. were b. had been c. are d. should be

81. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished

82. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.

a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for

83. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.

a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone

84. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

a. did; set b. had done; should be set

c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set

85. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /

86. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should bed. to; being

87. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.

a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent

88. it is important that we _____ wild animals.

a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting

89. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been

90. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be

91. _____ today, he would get there by friday.

a. would he leave b. was he leaving

c. were he to leave d. if he leave

92. should it rain, the crops _____ .

a. would be saved b. would have been saved

c. will be saved d. had been saved

93. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.

a. would b. should have c. may d. have

94. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were

95. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.

a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent

96. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch

97. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”

--- “no, but i wish i _____”

a.have b.will c. do d. had

98. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

a. i may have failed b. i’d fail

c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed

99. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide

100. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow

101. if only i _____ my watch!

a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose

102. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

a. may not make b. might not make

c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made

103. we _____ the work on time without your help.

a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished

c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished

104. --- “where have you been?”

--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

a. i would be here b. i have been here

c. i had been here d. i would have been here

105. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.

a. were b. had been c. are d. should be

参考答案：1—5 cbbaa　6—10 adacc　11—15 bdcba　16—20 dbaac 21—25 dadcc　26—30 dacba　31—35 cdcbc 36—40 adacd 41-45 badca46-50 acdaa 51-55 acdbc 56-60. caabb 61-65. bcbcb 66-70.caabdb 71—75.cdcca 76-80.adcdc 81-85. caabb 86-90. bcbcb 91-95. caabdb 96—100. cdcca 101-105. adcdc

情态动词篇六

XX年《高考风向标》•英语

第一部分教材梳理

必修一

unit 1 friendship

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 2 english around the world

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 3 travel journal

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 4 earthquakes

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

必修二

unit 1 cultural relics

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 2 the olympic games

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 3 computers

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 4 wildlife protection

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 5 music

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

必修三

unit 1 festivals around the world

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 2 healthy eating

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

unit 3 the million pound bank note

单元要点预览

语言要点

词语辨析

词性变化

重点单词

重点词组

重点句子

课文要点

课文词汇填空

课文大意概括

课文佳句背诵与仿写

单元自测

……

第二部分语法专题

专题一冠词

专题二名词

专题三代词

专题四数词

专题五形容词和副词

专题六介词

专题七情态动词

专题八非谓语动词

专题九动词和动词短语

专题十动词的时态

专题十一动词的语态

专题十二句子种类

专题十三名词性从句

专题十四定语从句

专题十五状语从句

专题十六倒装句和省略句

专题十七强调句

专题十八虚拟语气

专题十九主谓一致

专题二十直接引语和间接引语

第三部分高考题型讲练

听力

完形填空

语法填空

阅读理解

信息匹配

基础写作

读写任务

第二部分语法专题

专题七情态动词

i、重点难点解析

情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。

一情态动词基本用法一览表

情态动词用法例句注意事项

can

could 1表许可(和may可互换)、能力

2表怀疑、猜测、可能性（用于否定和疑问句中）

3 could可表比can更委婉的语气及用于虚拟语气。 1you can/may sit here./he can swim.

2 he can’t be sixty.

3 could you come again tomorrow?

can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表达“某事终于成功”，有更多的时态。

may

might 1表可以（问句中表请求，might更婉转）

2表可能，或许（might语气更加不肯定）

3表祝愿（用于倒装句中） 1 may/might i use your bike?

2 he may/might be at home.

3 may you succeed! 1回答may…do…?的否定用 mustn’t/can’t

2回答may/might…

do…?的否定用 can’t/might not

must 1表必须，应该（表主观要求）

2表推测（用于肯定句），译为“准是，一定” 1 you must study hard.

2 she must be tired. 否定式mustn’t表不准，禁止；否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)

have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化） without help, i had to do it myself. must表主观意识。have to有多种时态。

ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should you ought to obey laws. 否定用oughtn’t 疑问句用ought…to do…?

shall 1用于一三人称的疑问句，表征询意见

2用于二三人称，表示许诺、命令、警告等 1 shall we go now?

2 the sign there reads, “no person shall smoke here.”

should 1表建议或劝告，译为“应该”

2本该（含有责备意味） 1 you should learn from each other.

2 you should have given him help.

will

would 1表意志或决心

2疑问句中用于第二人称表请求，would比较委婉 1 he promised he would never smoke again.

2 will/would you like some tea? would表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在； used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯。

dare 敢（常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中） he dare not/daren’t sleep alone.

dare you touch it? 过去式dared；可作实义动词

need 需要，必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） you needn’t do the work now. need…do…?的肯定回答：yes,…must. 可作实义动词

used to 过去常常（现在已不再） he used to play football. 否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/didn’t use to do; 疑问used…to…do…?did…use to do…?

二 “情态动词+不定式进行式”和“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法一览表

句式说明例句

can +不定式进行式

can +不定式完成式表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句（could 也可能有此用法，只是语气更委婉） he can’t be telling lies.

他不可能在说谎。

he can’t have told lies.

他不可能说过谎话。

could+不定式完成式指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以” it’s too late. you could have told him earlier.你本来能早点告诉他的。

may+不定式进行式

may+不定式完成式表示“可能，也许”，用于肯定句 he may be doing homework.

他也许在做作业。

he may have missed the train.

他可能错过了火车。

must+不定式进行式肯定句表示“一定在干某事”

the light is on. he must be working.

灯亮着，他一定在工作。

must+不定式完成式用于肯定句，表示“准是干了某事” he is sad. he must have failed the exam.他准是考试不及格。

needn’t+不定式完成式 “本来不必做”，只用于否定句 you needn’t have lent the book to him. he bought it already.

你本来不必把这本书借给她，他已经买了一本。

should/ought to+不定式完成式肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做”；

否定句表示“不应该做而实际却做了” i should have bought it.

我应该把它买下来的。

you shouldn’t have scolded him.

你不应该这样粗心大意。

ii、实战演练

填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。

1. i should have been there, but i ____________ find the time.

2. helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.

3. tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

4. you can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.

5. it has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

6. ---lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

---she ____________. i’ve already borrowed one.

7. john, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

8. ---__________ this book be yours?

---no, it ____________ not be mine. it ___________ be his.

9. as a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.

10. __________ he to clean the classroom after school?

11. you ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?

12. ---what’s the name?

---khulaifi. __________ i spell that for you?

13. you _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?

14. you _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for i couldn’t get through.

15. they _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.

16. ______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!

17. he had known the matter before you told him, so you _____________________ (not tell) it to him.

18. i did not call to make any airline reservation but i ________________.

19. the light is out. they _______________________ (not work) now.

20. ---my cat is really fat.

---you _____________________ (not give) her so much food.

答案：1. couldn’t 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t

7. must 8. can; can’t; must 9. would 10. ought 11. must 12. shall 13.must have seen

14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. may 17. needn’t have told

18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given

情态动词篇七

一、何谓“情态动词”？

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。

二、情态动词的特点

1.没有人称和数的变化。

2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化：

e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

三、情态动词的否定形式

情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't

四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别（注意：这是常考的考点）

1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后，能够做到； be able to 有多种形式的变化。

can

1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力；

2). 表示允许、可能性。

could 是can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。

1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.

a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to

2) -will you stay for lunch?

-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.

a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't

2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做；表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式；用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。

1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?

-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)

2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.

3. must

1). 表示必须要做的事：必须

2) 表示很有把握的推断：一定，准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须，不得不。过去式： had to

3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?

-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )

4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.

5) she must be in the classroom now.

6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.

a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not

4. shall

1) 在疑问句中，用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。

2) 用于二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。

1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.

-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -

yes, please.(no, please don't.)

2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.

3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.

4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?

a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he

5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?

a. won't we b. will we

c. don't we d. shall we

5. should 应该 ; 应当

1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.

2) you should study the article carefully.

6. will, would

1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。

2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态； would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。

3) will 用于各种人称，表示意志、意愿、决心、允诺； would 表示过去时间的意志、意愿、......。

(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?

a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you

-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)

(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.

(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.

- _____ .

a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't

7. ought to 应该；应当

1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.

2) she ____ for what she has done.

a. ought to praise b. ought be praised

c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised

8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come

1) he dare not tell the truth.

2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.

3) i don't know whether he ____ try.

a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed

9. need

1). 作为情态动词：必须

2). 作为实义动词：需要

a.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)

b. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)

1) -do they need to take any books with them?

-no, they don't need to.

2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.

3) this farm tool needs repairing.

this farm tool needs to be repaired.

4) -shall i tell john about it ?

- no, you ___ . i've told him already.

a. needn't b. wouldn't

c. mustn't d. shouldn't

5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.

a. can't b. mustn't

c. needn't d. may not

[★★★]五、情态动词的解题例析

(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。

(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。

(3) 要注意把握时间概念。

情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：

（nmet山东，24）thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.

a. can manage b. could have managed

c. could manage d. can have managed

根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为b项。

★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★

以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题，具有很强的针对性

(1) must表示推测，意为“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如：

—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.

—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.

a. should b. could c. must d. might

【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。

【答案】c

(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?

—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.

a. will b. would c. should d. must

【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。

【答案】c

②there _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.

a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。

【答案】c

(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。例如：

①you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t

②she ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t

③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

a. must b. can c. should d. would

④peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

a. shall b. should c. can d. must

【解析】①② 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； ③④两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会……。

【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c

(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如：

① liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

a. will b. can c. must d. may

【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。

【答案】d

② although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

a. must b. may c. shall d. should

【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。

【答案】b

③—i can’t find my purse anywhere.

—you __ have lost it while shopping.

a. may b. can c. should d. would

【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。

【答案】a

（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词

对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：

(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：

—i’m sorry. i _________at you the other day.

—forget it. i was a bit out of control myself.

a. shouldn’t shout b. shouldn’t have shouted

c. mustn’t shout c. mustn’t have shouted

【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。

【答案】b

(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：

thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.

a. can manage b. could have managed

c. could manage d. can have managed

【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i don’t think…，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。

【答案】b

(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：

①—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.

—thanks. you ________ it. i could manage it myself.

a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done

c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done

【解析】根据句意可知catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。

【答案】b

② the boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.

a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t

【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。

【答案】c

(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：

he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.

a. had scored b. scored

c. would score d. would have scored

【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。

【答案】d

(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：

what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.

a. need have done b. must have done

c. can have done d. might have done

【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。

【答案】d

（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词

1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：

(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。

例如： -what sort of house do you want to have? something big?

--well, it ______ be big--that's not important.

a. mustn't b. needn't c. can't d. won't

【解析】something big?此处意为：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。

【答案】b

(2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：

when i was young, i was told that i ______ play with matches

a. wouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. daren't

【解析】当我年轻的时候，（家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。

【答案】c

(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：

①—may i smoke here ?

—if you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.

a. should b. could c. may d. must

②john, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?

a.must b.can c.may d.need

【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。

【答案】① d ② a

2. should

(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：

according to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.

a. may b. can c. would d. should

【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。

【答案】d

(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 if+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子：

if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：

________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

a. would you be b. should you be

c. could you be d. might you be

【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。

【答案】b

(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：

you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.

a. might b. need c. should d. would

【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。

【答案】c

3. shall

(1) shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如：

①—what’s the name?

—khulaifi. _________ i spell it for you?

a. shall b. would c. can d. might

【答案】a

(2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如：

—excuse me. but i want to use your computer to type a report.

—you _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .

a. shan’t b. might not c. needn’t d. shouldn’t

【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。

【答案】a

(3) shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：

①—what does the sign over there read?

—“no person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”

a. will b. may c. shall d. must

【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。

【答案】c

4. can

(1) can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如：

how ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?

a. can b. must c. need d. may

【答案】a

(2) can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：

—mum, i’ve been studying english since 8 o’clock.

______i go out and play with tom for a while?

—no, i’m afraid not. besides, it’s raining outside now.

a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. may　　　d. won’t

【答案】a

(3) can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如：

① if it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, i would invite her to the party.

a. couldn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. might not

② the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.

a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to

【答案】c

5. would

(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。

例如： john promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.

a. might b. should c. could d. would

【解析】根据promise可知此处是john向医生表明自己的意志。

【答案】d

(2) would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如：

① when he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

a. would b. should c. had better d. might

② in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.

a. that used to be b. it is used to

c. it was used to d. it used to be

【解析】第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。

【答案】a d