Linux下分区工具parted与fdisk详解及分区使用方法

#Linux下分区工具parted与fdisk详解及分区使用方法| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

一、parted的用途及说明

概括使用说明：

parted用于对磁盘（或RAID磁盘）进行分区及管理，与fdisk分区工具相比，支持2TB以上的磁盘分区，并且允许调整分区的大小。使用它你可以创建、清除、调整、移动和复制ext2、ext3、ext4、linux-swap、FAT、FAT32和reiserfs分区；也能创建、调整和移动苹果系统的HFS分区；还能检测jfs、ntfs、ufs和xfs分区。该工具常用于为新安装的操作系统创建空间，重新分配硬盘使用情况，在将数据拷贝到新硬盘的时候也常常使用。

二、 parted的使用方法及步骤

fdisk -l 查看硬盘分区格式信息

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion. 磁盘 /dev/sdb：536.9 GB, 536870912000 字节，1048576000 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/***)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：gpt Disk identifier: FCD85220-83B7-436C-8BD9-D34E4878119D Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 1048573951 500G Microsoft basic ofs 磁盘 /dev/sdc：322.1 GB, 322122547200 字节，629145600 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/***)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/sda：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/***)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos 磁盘标识符：0x00012d21 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 104857599 51379200 8e Linux LVM 磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：50.5 GB, 50457477120 字节，98549760 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/***)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/***)：512 字节 / 512 字节

2.1进入parted对磁盘进行分区

[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sd sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1 sdc [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdc **选择需要分区的磁盘** GNU Parted 3.1 使用 /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) help **help查看parted下命令介绍** align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted (parted) mklabel 新的磁盘标签类型？ gpt **写入磁盘便签** (parted) mkpart **创建分区** 分区名称？ []? test 文件系统类型？ [ext2]? ext4 起始点？ 1 **可以输入具体的起始点（1M或者1G）1表示扇区最小的起始点** 结束点？ -1 **结束点一样也可以输入具体的结束点（100M或者300G）-1表示扇区最后的结束点** (parted) p **全拼print查看分区** Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 322GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name 标志 1 1049kB 322GB 322GB test (parted) quit **退出parted分区** 信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sd sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1 sdc sdc1 [[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1 **mkfs.ext4 对刚刚创建的分区进行格式化** mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 文件系统标签= OS type: Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19660800 inodes, 78642688 blocks 3932134 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2227175424 2400 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616 Allocating group tables: 完成正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /ysj **创建一个分区的挂载点** [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /ysj **mount将新建的分区挂载到新建的挂载点** [[email protected] ~]# df -h **df -h 查看磁盘分区的使用情况** 文件系统容量已用可用已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/centos-root 47G 8.0G 40G 17% / devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 920M 9.1M 911M 1% /run tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sdb1 493G 73M 467G 1% /ofs /dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot tmpfs 184M 32K 184M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 /dev/sdc1 296G 65M 281G 1% /ysj [[email protected] ~]# 三，修改 vi/etc/fstab 设置开机自动挂载 [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/fstab **进去该目录下设置开机自动挂载** # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Apr 29 18:09:55 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=7d7c13fd-ff7e-4ffe-b923-159e4b7f1f65 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /ofs ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/sdc1 /ysj ext4 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ :wq **shift+；输入小写wq 保存退出，不小心误删的可以q！不保存退出** 四，卸载分区 [[email protected] ~]# umount /dev/sdc1 **使用umount命令卸载挂载的分区** [[email protected] ~]# df -h **df -h 查看磁盘分区的使用情况** 文件系统容量已用可用已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/centos-root 47G 8.0G 39G 17% / devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 920M 9.1M 911M 1% /run tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sdb1 493G 73M 467G 1% /ofs /dev/sda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot tmpfs 184M 32K 184M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 **发现我们刚刚挂载的ysj挂载点已经删除*** [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sd sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1 sdc sdc1 [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sdc ****parted再次进入分区删除残旧的磁盘信息*** GNU Parted 3.1 使用 /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) p **查看当前的磁盘分区** Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 322GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name 标志 1 1049kB 322GB 322GB ext4 test (parted) rm 1 **rm 删除分区 1指的是Number下的磁盘ID** (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdc: 322GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name 标志 *在查看发现我们创建的磁盘分区已经被删除了** (parted) quit **保存退出** 信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/fstab ****进入此文件夹**释掉之前的自启动信息否则可能影响系统的正常启动在对应的行列前加#号表示注销*** # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Apr 29 18:09:55 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=7d7c13fd-ff7e-4ffe-b923-159e4b7f1f65 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /ofs ext4 defaults 0 0 #/dev/sdc1 /ysj ext4 defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ :wq **保存退出** 五.fdisk 分区使用

上面我们已经介绍了如何通过fdisk -l 查看硬盘分区格式信息，这里不做重复的介绍，

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda **对sda磁盘进行分区** Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2597. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): m **输出帮助信息** Command action a toggle a bootable flag **设置启动分区** b edit bsd disklabel **编辑分区标签** c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition **删除一个分区** l list known partition types **列出分区类型** m print this menu **输出帮助信息** n add a new partition **建立一个新的分区** o create a new empty DOS partition table **创建一个新的空白DOS分**区表 p print the partition table **打印分区表** q quit without saving changes **退出不保存设置** s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id **改变分区的ID** u change display/entry units **改变显示的单位** v verify the partition table **检查验证分区表** w write table to disk and exit **保存分区表** x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help):n Command action e extended **e是扩展分区** p primary partition (1-4) **p是主分区** p Partition number (1-4): 1 **定义分区数量 --主分区最多只能有四个** First cylinder (1-2597, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2597, default 2597): +100M Command (m for help): w **保存刚才的配置信息。** The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: 无效的参数. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# partprobe /dev/sda **对硬盘进行更新**

所有新建的磁盘都需要mkfs.ext2/3/4 进行格式化 mount进行挂载并设置开启自启动。

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