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使用NI SCXI 1346在多机箱系统中，需要以下物品：一台计算机、一把小平头螺丝刀、68 针屏蔽电缆、一个 68 针 E 系列 DAQ 设备、一个 SCXI 1001 或 SCXI 1000 机箱（版本 K 或更高版本）、一个每个机箱的或更多 SCXI 模块（SCXI-1127、SCXI-1190 和 SCXI-1191 除外）、SCXI 1349 屏蔽电缆组件和 SCXI-1346 安装指南。用户应牢记在多机箱 SCXI 系统中使用的总电缆长度不要超过 10 m。这将有助于确保可靠的操作。

SCXI 1346使用与软件包/应用程序开发环境 (ADE) 兼容的 NI-DAQmx 驱动软件运行，例如 LabVIEW、LabWindows、LabVIEW SignalExpress、Measurement Studiio、Visual C++ 或 Visual Basic。可以使用 National Instruments Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX) 工具配置设备硬件。

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在整个PLC控制系统中，最容易发生故障的地点在现场，现场最容易在以下几个方面出故障。

1、第一类故障点也是故障最多的地点)在继电器、接触器

如某生产线PLC控制系统的日常维护中，电气备件消耗量最大的为各类继电器或空气开关。除了产品本身质量原因之外，主要是由于现场环境比较恶劣。例如，暴露于生产环境中的接触器触点易打火或氧化，逐渐发热变形，直至不能使用。该生产线所有现场的控制箱都是选用密闭性较好的盘柜，其内部元器件较其他采用敞开式盘柜内元器件的使用寿命明显要长。所以避免此类故障应尽量选用高性能继电器，并改善元器件使用环境，就可以减少更换的频率，降低对系统运行的影响。

2、第二类故障多发点在阀门或闸板这一类的设备上

因为这类设备的执行机构相对位移较大；或者传动结构复杂，机械、电气、液压等各环节稍有不到位就会产生误差或故障。在长期的运行状态下，如果缺乏运行维护，易造成阀体部件的卡，堵，漏等现象。因此在系统运行时要加强对此类设备的巡检，发现问题及时处理。我厂对此类设备建立了严格的点检制度，定期检查阀门是否变形，执行机构是否灵活可用，控制器是否有效等，很好地保证了整个控制系统的有效性。 XVC772 A102 PPC907BE PPC907BE 3BHE024577R0101 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 216VC62A HESG324442R0013 UFC911B106 3BHE037864R0106 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101

3、第三类故障点可能发生在开关、极限位置、安全保护和现场操作上的一些元件或设备上

其原因可能是因为长期磨损，也可能是长期不用而锈蚀老化。如该生产线窑尾料球储库上的布料行走车来回移动频繁，而且现场粉尘较大，所以接近开关触点出现变形、氧化、粉尘堵塞等从而导致触点接触不好或机构动作不灵敏。对于这类设备故障的处理主要体现在定期维护，使设备时刻处于完好状态。对于限位开关尤其是重型设备上的限位开关除了定期检修外，还要在设计的过程中加入多重的保护措施。

4、第四类故障点可能发生在PLC系统中的子设备

这类设备如接线盒、线端子、螺栓螺母等处。这类故障产生的原因除了设备本身的制作工艺原因外还和安装工艺有关，如有人认为电线和螺钉连接是压的越紧越好，但在二次维修时很容易导致拆卸困难，大力拆卸时容易造成连接件及其附近部件的损害。长期的打火、锈蚀等也是造成故障的原因。根据工程经验，这类故障一般是很难发现和维修的。所以在设备的安装和维修中一定要按照安装要求的安装工艺进行，不留设备隐患。

5、第五类故障点是传感器和仪表

这类故障在控制系统中一般反映在信号的不正常，这类设备安装时信号线的屏蔽层应单端可靠接地，并尽量与动力电缆分开敷设，特别是高干扰的变频器输出电缆，而且要在PIC内部进行软件滤波。这类故障的发现及处理也和日常点巡检有关，发现问题应及时处理。

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6、第六类故障主要是电源、地线和信号线的噪声(干扰)

问题的解决或改善主要在于工程设计时的经验和日常维护中的观察分析。

要减小故障率，很重要的一点是要重视工厂工艺和安全操作规程，在日常的工作中要遵守工艺和安全操作规程，严格执行—些相关的规定，如保持集中控制室的环境等等，同时在生产中也应加强这些方面的管理。

过程控制系统本身是一个完整的系统，所以在分析故障或处理故障时也要注意系统性，单独的对某一部分的优化有时并不能提高系统的整体性能。如过分追求元器件的精度而不考虑实际的需要以及和相关设备精度的匹配，将徒然增加系统成本。在日常维护中也有过把系统越改越复杂的现象，如采用复杂的控制方式和设备来实现本可以用简单装置来实现的控制，违背了经济、简单、实用的原则，并可能会增加故障率，这也是要注意的地方。 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 216VC62A HESG324442R0013 UFC911B106 3BHE037864R0106 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 5SHX1445H0001 3BHL000391P0101 3BHB003230R0101 5SXE05-0152 PPD113B03-26-100110 3BHE023584R2634 UFC911B108 3BHE037864R0108 ABB KUC711AE101 3BHB004661R0101 CI854K01 3BSE025961R1 3BHE032285R0102 XVC772 A102 PPC907BEIn the whole PLC control system, the site is the most prone to failure, and the site is the most prone to failure in the following aspects.

1. The first type of fault point is also the most fault point) in relays and contactors

For example, in the daily maintenance of the PLC control system of a production line, the largest consumption of electrical spare parts is various relays or air switches. In addition to the quality of the product itself, the main reason is that the site environment is relatively bad. For example, the contacts of contactors exposed to the production environment are easy to ignite or oxidize, and gradually heat and deform until they cannot be used. All on-site control boxes of the production line are made of panels and cabinets with good tightness, and the service life of its internal components is significantly longer than that of other open panels and cabinets. Therefore, to avoid such failures, high-performance relays should be selected as far as possible, and the use environment of components should be improved to reduce the frequency of replacement and reduce the impact on system operation.

2. The second type of fault frequently occurs on equipment such as valves or rams

Because the relative displacement of the actuator of such equipment is relatively large; Or the transmission structure is complex, and if the mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and other links are not in place, errors or faults will occur. Under long-term operation, if there is no operation and maintenance, PPC907BE 3BHE024577R0101 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 216VC62A HESG324442R0013 UFC911B106 3BHE037864R0106 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 5SHX1445H0001 3BHL000391P0101 3BHB003230R0101 5SXE05-0152 PPD113B03-26-100110 3BHE023584R2634 it is easy to cause jamming, blocking and leakage of valve body parts. Therefore, when the system is running, it is necessary to strengthen the patrol inspection of such equipment and timely handle the problems found. Our factory has established a strict point inspection system for such equipment, regularly checking whether the valve is deformed, whether the actuator is flexible and available, and whether the controller is effective, which well ensures the effectiveness of the entire control system.

3. The third type of fault point may occur on some elements or equipment in switch, limit position, safety protection and field operation

The reason may be due to long-term wear, or corrosion and aging due to long-term use. For example, the distribution cart on the kiln tail ball storage of the production line moves frequently, and the dust on the site is large, so the contact of the proximity switch is deformed, oxidized, and blocked by dust, resulting in poor contact of the contact or insensitive action of the mechanism. The treatment of this kind of equipment failure is mainly reflected in regular maintenance to keep the equipment in good condition at all times. For limit switches, especially those on heavy equipment, in addition to regular maintenance, multiple protection measures should be added in the design process.

4. The fourth kind of fault point may occur in the sub-equipment of PLC system

Such equipment as junction box, wire terminal, bolt and nut, etc. UFC911B108 3BHE037864R0108 ABB KUC711AE101 3BHB004661R0101 CI854K01 3BSE025961R1 3BHE032285R0102 XVC772 A102 PPC907BE PPC907BE 3BHE024577R0101 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 216VC62A HESG324442R0013 UFC911B106 The causes of such failures are not only related to the manufacturing process of the equipment itself, but also related to the installation process. For example, some people think that the tighter the wire and screw connection is, the better, but it is easy to cause difficulties in disassembly during secondary maintenance, and it is easy to cause damage to the connector and its nearby components during heavy disassembly. Long-term sparking and corrosion are also the causes of the failure. According to engineering experience, such failures are generally difficult to find and repair. Therefore, the installation and maintenance of the equipment must be carried out according to the installation process required by the installation, without leaving any hidden danger of the equipment.

5. The fifth type of fault points are sensors and instruments

This kind of fault is generally reflected in the abnormal signal in the control system. When installing this kind of equipment, the shielding layer of the signal line should be reliably grounded at one end, and should be laid separately from the power cable as far as possible, especially the frequency converter output cable with high interference 3BHE037864R0106 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 3BHE009681R0101 GVC750BE101 5SHX1445H0001 3BHL000391P0101 3BHB003230R0101 5SXE05-0152 PPD113B03-26-100110 3BHE023584R2634 UFC911B108 3BHE037864R0108 ABB KUC711AE101 3BHB004661R0101 CI854K01 3BSE025961R1 3BHE032285R0102 XVC772 A102 PPC907BE PPC907BE 3BHE024577R0101 5SHY3545L0010 3BHB013088R0001 and software filtering should be carried out inside the PIC. The discovery and handling of such failures are also related to routine patrol inspection. Problems found shall be handled in time.

6. The sixth type of fault is mainly the noise (interference) of power supply, ground wire and signal wire

The solution or improvement of the problem mainly depends on the experience in engineering design and observation and analysis in daily maintenance.

In order to reduce the failure rate, it is very important to pay attention to the process and safety operation procedures of the factory, abide by the process and safety operation procedures in daily work, strictly implement some relevant regulations, such as maintaining the environment of the centralized control room, etc., and strengthen the management of these aspects in production.

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