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03 说明利弊型议论文

2023-03-17 10:34| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

03 说明利弊型议论文

研读中考作文真题总结黄金模板备战2023年中考英语高分作文(通用版)

第一部分 说明利弊型议论文裁解读及写法点拨

体裁解读

议论文体对事件作出点评,表达观点,是日常语言表达的种常见形式. 对于习作面言财常以议论文的形式为其载体。热点就是日常生活中些有争议的话题, 学生围绕这些话随用述自己的观点。常见的话题往往涉及学习生活、环保、未来规划等,例如:是否要使用塑料包装袋,是否要参加课外培训课程,是否需要进步发展共享单车系统等。 这些议论都需要有明确的观点,充分的依据,严谨的谋篇布局。对热点话题、事件的评析是在事例引述、数据分析、事实佐证的基础上进行的说理。

不同于纯粹的记叙文描写, 以事抒情,侧重描写,不同于应用文强调功能性和实用价值,也不同于说明文的以文解惑,阐述事物本质的特点,热点评论类的文章往往夹叙夹议,在描写的基础上,还要有一-定篇幅的议论,表达主张、发表意见,其过程强调逻辑的严密性,要求语言精练、论证合理。

在评论中,要有论点、论据和论证三个组成部分。- -般建议在引人部分Assertion part)简述材料,并提出一个明确的中心论点:而后按照作文要求,在铺陈论述部分(Exposition part就自己提出的中心论点辅以具体的论据进行说明;最后在结尾处(Conclusion par)再次重申论点提出的合理性,或给予进步的建议、 设想。

初中阶段,议论文般以“利与弊”.“赞成与反对”:“是与非”、“建议推荐”等主题眼开。

在我们议论文写作时,以下几点需要牢记在心:

1.人称。议论文,是要自己为自己的某个观点辩护,或者提出自己的看法,因此一般都是使用第一.人称“I”。

2.分段。议论文定要分段书写, 根据议论文的组成要素,我们一般都是按其要素划分成三段,这样可以使文章的结构更加清晰。

3逻辑词的使用。议论文很大的特点就是强调逻辑性。因此,我们要通度使用逻辑词、连词等,使我们的文章前后紧密相连,环环相扣。

写作方法点拨

在进行利弊型议论文写作时,我们可以分为四部分进行:

1.描述某一 现象或事物。在文章的开头首先要指出我们评论的对象或事件,为下文我们指出该事件或事物的利弊做好铺垫。

2.分析缺点。针对所指出的事物分析其缺点或不足之处。可以是本身的不足,也可以是其给社会带来的不良影响,或者是对环境造成的伤害等。

3.指出其优点。要客观看待事物,在分析缺点的同时还要指出该事件或对象的优点或可取之处,可以说给人们生活带来了方便,或者有利于社会的稳定等。缺点和优点的顺序可以互换。

4.作者看法。客观对事物进行了分析之后,作者要提出自己的观点,是怎么看待该现象或事物的,是利大于弊还是弊大于利,是应该提倡还是禁止。

 

第二部分 说明利弊型议论文万能黄金模板

①About whether          .(话题)Students have different opinions.

②On the one hand,some people think               .(原因一)Also              .(原因二)But on the other hand,the others are           (观点)as it               .(原因一)Moreover,             .(原因二)/But on the other hand,the others are              (观点)because firstly        (原因一)Secondly,

             .(原因二)Most importantly of all,                .(原因三)

③I think             .(我的观点)

 

模板内容要点

①引出话题

②对不同的态度进行阐述并分析原因

③总结自己的观点

注:

模板内容可根据题目要求和具体情况取舍。

 

第三部分  必备词汇与套用句型

必备亮点词汇

be popular with..受到....的欢迎

be familiar with sth.很熟悉某物

raise a heated discussion引起热议

advantage优点

benefit益处

be beneficial to .对.....有益

do good to .....有好处

be of great benefits有很大的益处;有很大作用

be of great help帮助很大;有很大帮助

have a positive effect on ......有积极影响

exert a positive influence on ......生积极影响

disadvantage缺点

side effect副作用

do harm to .....有害

useless无用的

be of no help没有用

defect缺陷

have a negative effect on对..生消极作用

经典套用句型

闪亮篇首句

(1) There is a heated discussion about...关....讨论很激烈。

(2) ..has brought us much convenience along with much inconvenience.....给我们带来了方便的同时,还带来了不便。

(3) ..has raised hot discussion. ....已经引起了人们的热议。

( 4) ..has its advantages and disadvantages, just like everything does.

和所有东西一样,...也有它的优点和缺点。

 

出彩篇中句

(1) There are three advantages in/of... (某事物/现象)有三个优点。

(2) The first advantage of.. is that... (某事物/现象的)第一个优点.....

(3) ... provide convenience for us in life. (莱物)能为我们的生活提供便利。

( 4) With the help of.... our life can be much better and more convenient.....帮助下,我们的生活可以更加幸福和便利。

(5) In spite of the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.尽管有缺点,它还是有对应的优点。

(6) Nothing can be compared with... in terms of..在(某方面),很少有东西能...媲美。.

(7).. has a positive impact on people's life ..人们的生活起到一种积极的作用。

(8) sth. exerts a favorable influence on people' s life.某物对人们的生活产生了有利的影响。

(9) .. is playing an increasingly important role in people' s lives.....在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。

(10) However, ... its negative side as well.但是,..也有其不好的一 面。

(11) On the contrary, its disadvantages can not be ignored, either.相反,它的缺点也是不能被忽视的。

(12) Nevertheless, it still has some drawbacks.但是它还是有一些缺陷的。

( 13) Just like everything has two sides, .a.. has many disadvantages.正如每个事物都有两面性一样,..也有很多缺点。

(14) However, by doing so, we may cause some problems.然而,这么做的话,我们可能会引发一些问题。

(15) Nonetheless, it's sometimes blamed for its obvious defects.但是,它有时候会因一些明显的缺陷而受到指责。

(16) As the proverb goes that every coin has is two sides... is no exception.俗话说硬币都是有两面的,......也不例外。

(17) However is negative aspects are also evident. To begin with ...To make matters worse,...Wort of all,....然而,它的不足之处也是很明显的。首先,..... 更糟的是,......

(18) The side effects...have exerted on human beings can be seen as follows. Firstly...Secondly, . In addition, .....对人类产生的副作用如下所示。其一,.....其.二,.. ....此外......

 

精彩篇尾句

(1) From where I stand, I think its advantages carry more weight than its disadvantages.从我的立场来看,我认为它的优点大于它的缺点。

(2) Anyway, I still believe.. more advantages than disadvantages.

不管怎样,,我们....的优点比缺点多。

(3) But for me, 1 think it has more positive sides than its negative sides.

对我来说,我认为它的积极面比消极面更多。

( 4 ) From the comparison between these positive and negative effects, we should take it reasonably.

通过这些积极面和消极面的对比,我们要理智地对待它。

(5 ) Therefore, we should take it seriously. 因此我们应该要认真对待它。

( 6) In my view, we should make full use of its advantages and reduce its side effects.在我看来,我们要充分利用它的优点,降低它的副作用。

第四部分  模板范文演练

(常州)上周某班同学就“音乐美术是否应该纳入中考”展开了相关讨论,同学们各抒己见。假如你是该班同学,请你根据下表的提示内容,结合你自己对此事的看法,用英语给校报写一篇短文。

赞成

 

1.重视艺术学习,······

2.促使技能提高,······

反对

 

1.考试科目太多,······

2.投入精力更大,······

你的观点

······

 

注意:

1.所写短文必须包括表中的提示内容,并作适当发挥;

2.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称;

3.表达清楚,语句通顺,意思连贯,书写规范;

4.词数不少于90,短文的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Last week,we held a discussion about whether Music and Art should enter the Entrance Examination for the High School. Students have different opinions.

 

 

 

 

 

万能模板套用分析

首先,引出话题,点明写作目的。(已给出)话题

其次,围绕话题阐述不同观点。论述

最后,表达自己的观点。自己观点

 

满分范文

Last week, we held a discussion about whether Music and Art should enter the Entrance Examination for the High School.Students have different opinions.

On the one hand,some students are against this idea because they think there are too many subjects to prepare in the exam.① Also,they need to make more efforts in the exams.But on the other hand, the others are in favor of(短语优先原则。)this idea as it can help students pay more attention to studying Music and Art.Moreover(一二三原则,使用了过渡词。),it can help students develop all-round skills like how to appreciate the art.②

I think it is reasonable to add Music and Art in the Entrance Examination for the High School as it provides an

opportunity for students to show their talents in a different way.(句式多变原则,think后为省略that的宾语从句,宾语从句中又包含了as引导的原因状语从句。)③

 

你也可以这样表达

①On the one hand,having to prepare too many subjects for the exam, some students are against this idea.

②What's more,students can develop all-round skills like how to appreciate the art by studying Music and Art.

③As far as I am concerned,adding Music and Art in the Entrance Examination for the High School is reasonable because it allows students to show their talents in a different way.

 

范文译文

上周,我们开展了关于“音乐和美术是否应该纳入中考”的讨论。学生们持不同的意见。

一方面,一些学生反对这个想法,因为他们认为有太多科目要备考。其次,他们需要在考试中付出更多的努力。但另一方面,另一些学生赞成这个想法,因为这样学生们就能更注重音乐和美术的学习。还有,它能帮助学生培养全方位的技能,像如何欣赏艺术。

在我看来,把音乐和美术纳入中考是合理的,因为它们能为学生提供一个以不同方式展现他们才能的机会。

 

第五部分  中考真题黄金模板运用满分作文

 

A

(2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题)

最近你班召开了“学生是否应该上网”为主题的班会,同学们就此话题进行了热烈的讨论。

下表为讨论结果,请根据下表写一篇短文,表述讨论结果并阐述你的观点。

Opinions Reasons

68%赞成 1. 可以从网上得到各种信息并且有利于学习。2. 可以网上购物、聊天、交朋友……

32%反对 1. 网上的信息并非都是真实的。2. 学生们沉迷于网络游戏……

你的观点 ……

要求: 1. 语言通顺,逻辑清晰,字迹工整。

2. 必须包括表格中所给的提示信息,可以适当发挥,以使行文连贯。

3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

4. 词数:不少于80词。

Whether Students Should Surf the Internet

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Whether Students Should Surf the Internet

About whether students should surf the Internet.Students have different opinions.

On the one hand,68% of the students said that students can surf the Internet. First, we can get all kinds of information from the Internet . Moreover,it is good for our study. Secondly, we can shop, chat and make friends online. But on the other hand,the others are against surfing the Internet. because firstly they think not all the information on the Internet is true. Secondly,students may be addicted to online games.

I think we should make use of the Internet to study well and get rid of the disadvantages of the Internet.

【详解】1.题干解读:本文是一篇话题作文,要求就表格内容写一篇关于“学生是否应该上网”的文章。要点包括:讨论结果、赞成和反对两方的原因以及个人观点。

2.写作指导:文章应以第一、三人称,一般现在时为主,注意主谓一致问题;写作时注意按照要点分段叙述,第一段点题并介绍赞成方观点;第二段介绍反对方的观点;最后一段介绍个人观点。在写作时还要注意使用连接词来增强文章条理性。

 

B

(2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)

我校对部分教科书进行了循环使用。上周三下午,我们班同学就“教科书是否可以循环使用”展开了激烈的辩论。请你根据表格提示,以“Should we recycle textbooks?”为题,简述这次辩论的情况并阐述自己的观点。(提示词:资源 resource;责任 responsibility)

 要求:(1)不能出现真实的校名、人名等相关信息。

(2)根据中文和英文提示,可以适当发挥。

(3)内容完整、意思连贯、符合逻辑、书写整齐。

(4)词数:80~100词。开头已给出,不计入总词数。

赞同: 节约纸张;保护环境;增强责任感……

反对 不能在书上做标记;不能做笔记……

自己的观点 ……

Should we recycle textbooks?Last Wednesday afternoon, our class discussed if we should recycle textbooks. Now,let me tell you something about it.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

About whether we should recycle textbooks.Last Wednesday afternoon, our class discussed it. Now, let me tell you something about it.Students have different opinions.

On the one hand,some students in our class agree to recycle textbooks. The reasons are as follows.recycling textbooks can save paper.Also it can protect the environment.Finally, it can also enhance students’ sense of responsibility. But on the other hand,the others are against recycling textbooks. because firstly  it prevents students from marking up books.Secondly, students can’t make notes on books.

I think textbooks can be recycled. As long as we have a good system to implement this thing.

【详解】

1.题干解读:本文是一篇材料作文。根据表格提示,写一篇作文简述你们班“教科书是否可以循环使用”辩论的情况并阐述自己的观点。

2.写作指导:本文时态采用一般现在时;人称采用第三人称为主。文章可分为三段,第一段文章已给出;第二段介绍赞同和反对的理由;第三段介绍自己的观点。行文做到语句通顺,无单词语法错误。

 

C

(2019·内蒙古·中考真题)书面表达

对于中学生在学校是否可以使用手机,不同的学生有不同的看法。请根据下面表格中的提示写一篇短文 

赞成 理由 1. 易于和父母及朋友保持联系2. 空余时间可以听音乐

反对  理由 1. 浪费时间2. 对眼睛有害

……

你的观点及建议(至少用2至3句话进行阐述)

要求:

文章应包括所有要点并围绕要点适当发挥;

2. 文中不能出现真实的人名、校名和地名等;

3. 词数90词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。

Nowadays, more and more teenagers use mobile phones. Can middle school students use mobile phones at school? Different students have different opinions about it. _______

【参考范文】

Nowadays, more and more teenagers use mobile phones. Can middle school students use mobile phones at school? Different students have different opinions about it.

On the one hand,some students think they can use mobile phones at school because using mobile phones makes it easy to keep in touch with their parents or friends.Also they can also take photos or listen to music to relax themselves in their free time. Besides, they can get information on mobile phones. For example, they can look up new words and expressions. But on the other hand,the others are disagree. because firstly using mobile phones at school is a waste of time.  Secondly,Many students spend too much time on games and QQ. It’s bad for their eyes and it also has a bad effect on study.

I think we’d better not use mobile phones at school because it’s bad for our health and study. We should spend more time on our study instead of using mobile phones.

【详解】

1.题干解读:该题目属于议论文写作,写作时要摆事实,讲道理。在写作时应承接短文开头;第二段把支持用手机一方的观点和论据摆出来,进行论证;第三段是反对使用者的观点和论据;最后发表自己的看法。

2.例文点评:例文采用总分总的行文格式;时态采用一般现在时,论证时采用摆事实,讲道理结合;摆事实时,先主后次,按顺序讲道理,用first…, second, besides。转折连词however联系双方不同观点。最后We should spend more time on our study instead of using mobile phones.运用情态动词should使文章语气委婉。

3.高分亮点:

短语:more and more;look up;keep in touch with; In my opinion;be bad for; instead of。

句型:using mobile phones makes it easy to keep in touch with;

句型they can also take photos or listen to music to relax themselves in their free time.。

【点睛】首先要认真阅读题意要求,对于提示内容要仔细分析,从赞成和反对两方面进行论述。如赞成者的观点的论据要充分,反对者的论据要摆事实,讲道理,列举害处。最后一定要表明自己对这一现象的看法,并说明理由。最后提出希望。

 

D

(2020·四川南充·中考真题)

今年受新冠(COVID-19)疫情影响,我市中小学开展了线上教学。假如你是李华,你的美国网友Eric即将进行线上学习,他发来邮件向你了解相关情况。请你结合自身经历和以下提示,向Eric回复邮件,介绍线上学习的利弊,并针对线上学习的不足,提出至少一条建议。

Online Learning

Advantages 1.convenient

2. different resources(资源)

3. …

Disadvantages 1.influence eyesight

2. easily distracted(分心)

3. ...

要求:

1.语句通顺,意思连贯,语法正确,书写规范;

2.必须包含所给提示,并做适当发挥;

3.文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名;

4.词数:100词左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。

Dear Eric,I’m so glad to hear from you. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I hope this will be helpful to you. I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear Eric,

I’m so glad to hear from you.Because of COVID-19, we’ve studied online for several months.

About whether studying on line is good or bad for students,I have two sides of opinions.

On the one hand,I think I benefit a lot from learning online because this new way of learning is very interesting and there are many different resources shared online, which are very useful lo use. Also, studying at home is both comfortable and convenient. We can study at our own pace.But on the other hand,studying on line has disadvantage,because firstly spending too much time online is bad for our eyesight. Secondly,we can be easily distracted by computer games. What’s worse, with less communication with teachers, it’s hard for us to solve problems in our study.

I think we should contact our teachers more to get help when we studying on line

I hope this will be helpful to you. I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【详解】1.题干解读:本题为书信作文,要求就网上学习写一篇文章,介绍网上学习的优缺点。时态用现在时,人称用第一人称。

2.例文点评:例文分四段,第一段和第四段为书信标准格式开头结尾句式。第二段和第三段分别按照题目所给提示叙述了网上学习的优缺点。例文层次分明,思路清晰,按照题目要求阐述了网上学习的优缺点,符合题目要求,是一篇合格的作文。



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